RESULTS The estimated sensitivity of ICD9 codes to identify women with disabilities with deliveries 2009-2012 was 44%; PPV was 98%, improving over time. Although sensitivity was less then 50% for some conditions, PPVs were 87%-100% for all conditions except intellectual disability (67%). Many physical conditions had complete verification and no underreporting. CONCLUSIONS These results are helpful for new studies using historical data comparing outcomes among women with and without these conditions, and to inform interpretation of results from earlier studies. Assessment of the accuracy of disabilities as identified by ICD version 10 codes is warranted.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our organization was experiencing a delay in treatment of large vessel occlusions. With a goal of door-to-groin puncture in less than 90 minutes, our organization was averaging a door-to-groin puncture time of greater than 100 minutes and identified the need for a process change. METHODS A multidisciplinary group was formed to process map current state and define future state. Lean methodology was used to implement rapid cycle change and create standard work. Because this was an improvement on a current process, institutional review board approval was not needed. RESULTS The result was achieving door-to-groin puncture times less than 90 minutes and a subsequent decrease in door-to-groin puncture goal to less than 80 minutes. In addition, improved communication was seen between multiple departments responsible for the care of large vessel occlusion patients. CONCLUSION Using Lean methodology with a multidisciplinary team is effective for implementing and sustaining process change.BACKGROUND In-hospital stroke events account for 2% to 17% of all ischemic strokes in the United States. Current stroke guidelines do not provide guidance on how to care for in-hospital stroke. Use of checklists during high-acuity events reduces error and provides clarity for responding staff. We sought to determine whether the use of an evidence-based checklist to guide in-hospital stroke response improved intervention times and patient outcomes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/catechin-hydrate.html  METHODS This study used a retrospective chart review of patients hospitalized between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, at a community hospital certified as a primary stroke center with the Joint Commission. Encounters were sorted into preintervention and postintervention groups to evaluate for change in treatment rates, new or worsened disability, and mortality. Nursing staff who respond to in-hospital stroke calls ("response staff") were also surveyed regarding their perception of benefit and firsthand experience when using the checklist. RESULTS A total of 168 patient charts were reviewed (18 prechecklist, 150 postchecklist). After checklist implementation, treatment with intravenous thrombolytics for in-hospital stroke events increased from 0% to 11%. All-cause mortality decreased from 23.1% to 15.0%, whereas ambulatory disability at discharge increased from 38.0% to 62.1%. The increase in disability likely reflects the reduction in mortality, improved data collection, and the increase in postimplementation reporting. CONCLUSIONS Use of a checklist during inpatient stroke events can potentially increase adherence to guidelines for appropriate treatment and reduce mortality. Hospital response teams should consider use of a structured response system with an evidence-based checklist for high-acuity, low-frequency events such as in-hospital stroke.Women who develop bladder pain syndrome (BPS), irritable bowel syndrome, or dyspareunia frequently have an antecedent history of dysmenorrhea. Despite the high prevalence of menstrual pain, its role in chronic pelvic pain emergence remains understudied. We systematically characterized bladder, body, and vaginal mechanical sensitivity with quantitative sensory testing in women with dysmenorrhea (DYS, n = 147), healthy controls (HCs) (n = 37), and women with BPS (n = 25). Previously, we have shown that a noninvasive, bladder-filling task identified a subset of women with both dysmenorrhea and silent bladder pain hypersensitivity, and we repeated this to subtype dysmenorrhea sufferers in this study (DYSB; n = 49). DYS, DYSB, and BPS participants had lower vaginal mechanical thresholds and reported more pain to a cold stimulus during a conditioned pain modulation task and greater pelvic examination after-pain than HCs (P's less then 0.05). DYSB participants also had reduced body mechanical thresholds and less conditioned pain modulation compared to HCs and DYS participants (P's less then 0.05). Comparing quantitative sensory testing results among the DYS and HC groups only, provoked bladder pain was the only significant predictor of self-reported menstrual pain (r = 0.26), bladder pain (r = 0.57), dyspareunia (r = 0.39), and bowel pain (r = 0.45). Our findings of widespread sensory sensitivity in women with dysmenorrhea and provoked bladder pain, much like that observed in chronic pain, suggest a need to study the trajectory of altered mechanisms of pain processing in preclinical silent visceral pain phenotypes to understand which features convey inexorable vs modifiable risk.PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews emerging technologies in retinal imaging, including their scientific background, clinical implications and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy is a technology that will reveal biochemical and metabolic changes of the retina at the cellular level. Optical coherence tomography is evolving exponentially toward higher resolution, faster speed, increased portability and more cost effective. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy fluorescein angiography will provide unprecedented detail of the retinal vasculature down to the level of capillaries, enabling earlier and more sensitive detection of retinal vascular diseases. SUMMARY Continued developments in retinal imaging focus on improved resolution, faster speed and noninvasiveness, while providing new information on the structure-function relationship of the retina inclusive of metabolic activity at the cellular level.