https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html This perspectives paper discusses patient-centered care for people living with motor neuron disease. We identify challenges and offer solutions from the patient-centered care literature for this population in frontline care, service delivery, research and health system organization. Examples from Australian and international motor neuron disease care are used to illustrate interrelated issues for practice and policy.We examined the influence of graded cold-water immersion (CWI) on global and regional quadriceps muscle perfusion using positron emission tomography (PET) and [15O]H2O. In thirty healthy males (33±8 yrs; 81±10 kg; 184±5 cm; percentage body fat 13±5%; V̇O2peak 47±8 mL·kg-1·min-1) quadriceps perfusion, thigh and calf cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), intestinal, muscle and local skin temperatures, thermal comfort, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were assessed prior to and following 10-min of CWI at 8°C, 15°C or 22°C. Global quadriceps perfusion did not change beyond a clinically relevant threshold (0.75 mL∙100g∙min-1) in any condition, and was similar between conditions [range of the differences (95% confidence interval [CI]); 0.1 mL∙100g∙min-1 (-0.9 to 1.2 mL∙100g∙min-1) to 0.9 mL∙100g∙min-1 (-0.2 to 1.9 mL∙100g∙min-1)]. Muscle perfusion was greater in vastus intermedius (VI) compared with vastus lateralis (VL) (2.2 mL∙100g∙min-1; 95%CI 1.5 to 3.0 mL∙100g∙min-1) and rectus femoris (RF) (2.2 mL∙100g∙min-1; 1.4 to 2.9 mL∙100g∙min-1). A clinically relevant increase in VI muscle perfusion after immersion at 8°C and a decrease in RF muscle perfusion at 15°C were observed. A clinically relevant increase in perfusion was observed in the VI in 8°C compared with 22°C water (2.3 mL∙100g∙min-1; 1.1 to 3.5 mL∙100g∙min-1). There were no clinically relevant between-condition differences in thigh CVC. Our findings suggest that CWI (8-22°C) does not reduce global quadriceps muscle perfusion to a clinically relev