https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dnqx.html Introduction In recent years, different studies regarding psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have shown the pathogenetic role of dysfunction of signaling pathways involving the phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme and transcription factors or enzymes belonging to the kinase (JAK)-signal family pathway. These also represent the target of several drugs known as targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs).Areas covered The authors performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed database, as well as through retrieving data from randomized controlled trials, their post-hoc analysis, and pooled data analysis on the efficacy and safety profile of the PDE4 inhibitor (PDE4i), apremilast, and the inhibitors of JAK (JAKis), tofacitinib, filgotinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, in PsA.Expert opinion In PsA, the PDE4i, apremilast, and the JAKi, tofacitinib, are effective across multiple clinical domains and have an acceptable tolerability profile, thus expanding the treatment options available for PsA patients. Apremilast and tofacitinib show several advantages mainly represented by their oral administration, a fast onset of action, and a short half-life. Data on tsDMARDs in PsA are still limited, and randomized trials and real-life studies are advocated.Although hands-on experience in hematology practical work has been an integral part of physiology education, the students' perception on the importance of the same has remained largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to explore students' perception on the importance of "doing" hematology experiments. The first-year medical students of the 2017-18 batch filled out a semistructured questionnaire at the end of the course of hematology practicals. The questionnaire captured their perception of the importance of doing hematology practicals on their own blood, the assessment of the same, and its value in medical training. Students indicated that doing practica