We investigate label-free measurement of molecular distribution by super-resolved Raman microscopy using surface plasmon (SP) localization. Localized SP was formed with plasmonic nanopost arrays (PNAs) for measurement of the molecular distribution in HeLa cells. Compared with conventional Raman microscopy on gold thin films, PNAs induce a localized near-field, which allows for the enhancement of the peak signal-to-noise ratio by as much as 4.5 dB in the Raman shifts. Super-resolved distributions of aromatic amino acids and lipids (C-C stretching and C-H2 twist mode) as targets in HeLa cells were obtained after image reconstruction. Results show almost 4-fold improvement on average in the lateral precision over conventional diffraction-limited Raman microscopy images. Combined with axial imaging in an evanescent field, the results suggest an improvement in optical resolution due to superlocalized light volume by more than an order of magnitude over that of conventional diffraction-limited Raman microscopy.Plasmonic polymers consisting of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are able to squeeze light into the deep-subwavelength space and transfer along a highly confined nanoscale path in long range. DNA nanotechnology, particularly benefiting from the molecular programmability of DNA origami, has provided otherwise nearly impossible platforms for constructing plasmonic nanoparticle polymers with designer configurations and nanoscale gaps. Here, we design and assemble a DNA origami hashtag tile that is able to polymerize into one-dimensional chains with high rigidity. The DNA origami hashtag chains are used as frames to enable robust, versatile, and precise arrangement of metallic NPs into micrometer-long chiral and magnetic plasmonic polymers, which are capable of efficiently transporting plasmonic angular momentum and magnetic surface plasmonic polaritons at the deep-subwavelength scale. Our work provides a molecular platform for the fabrication of long, straight, and structurally complex nanoparticle polymers with emerging plasmonic properties that are appealing to a variety of fields.An efficient new synthesis of 3,5-bis(het)arylisoxazoles, involving the reaction of 1,3-bis(het)arylmonothio-1,3-diketones with sodium azide in the presence of IBX catalyst, has been reported. The reaction proceeds at room temperature in high yields and is applicable to a broad range of substrates including the synthesis of 5-methyl-3-arylisoxazoles, a key subunit present in several β-lactamase-resistant antibiotics. A probable mechanism for the formation of isoxazoles has been suggested. A few of the 5-styryl/arylbutadienyl-3-(het)arylisoxazoles have also been synthesized by reacting the corresponding 1-(het)aryl-1-(methylthio)-4-(het)arylidene-but-1-en-3-ones with sodium azide at higher temperatures. The reaction of β-ketodithioesters with sodium azide is shown to furnish β-ketonitriles in good yields.The newly emerged coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, is the causing pathogen of pandemic COVID-19. The identification of drugs to treat COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases is an urgent global need, thus different strategies targeting either virus or host cell are still under investigation. Direct-acting agents, targeting protease and polymerase functionalities, represent a milestone in antiviral therapy. The 3C-like (or Main) protease (3CLpro) and the nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) are the best characterized SARS-CoV-2 targets and show the highest degree of conservation across coronaviruses fostering the identification of broad-spectrum inhibitors. Coronaviruses also possess a papain-like protease, another essential enzyme, still poorly characterized and not equally conserved, limiting the identification of broad-spectrum agents. Herein, we provide an exhaustive comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 proteases and RdRp with respect to other coronavirus homologues.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/forskolin.html  Moreover, we highlight the most promising inhibitors of these proteins reported so far, including the possible strategies for their further development.Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), being the most severe cerebrovascular disease, accounts for 10-15% of all strokes. Hematoma expansion is one of the most important factors associated with poor outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Several studies have suggested that an "ischemic penumbra" might arise when the hematoma has a large expansion, but clinical studies are inconclusive. We performed a preclinical study to demonstrate the presence of hypoxic-ischemic tissue around the hematoma by means of longitudinal [18F]-fluoromisonidazole ([18F]-FMISO) PET/MRI studies over time in an experimental ICH model. Our results showed that all [18F]-FMISO PET/MRI images exhibited hypoxic-ischemic tissue around the hematoma area. A significant increase of [18F]-FMISO uptake was found at 18-24 h post-ICH when the maximum of hematoma volume is achieved and this increase disappeared before 42 h. These results demonstrate the presence of hypoxic tissue around the hematoma and open the possibility of new therapies aimed to reduce ischemic damage associated with ICH.Axially chiral atropisomeric compounds are widely applied in asymmetric catalysis and medicinal chemistry, and efficient methods for their synthesis are in high demand. This applies in particular to atropisomers derived from five-membered aromatic rings because their lower barrier for rotation among the biaryl axis limits their asymmetric synthesis. We report here an enantioselective C-H functionalization method using our chiral RhJasCp complex for the synthesis of the biaryl atropisomer types that can be accessed from three different five-membered-ring heterocycles.The formation mechanism of colloidal nanoparticles is complex because significant nonclassical pathways coexist with the conventional nucleation and growth processes. Particularly, the coalescence of the growing clusters determines the final morphology and crystallinity of the synthesized nanoparticles. However, the experimental investigation of the coalescence mechanism is a challenge because the process is highly kinetic and correlates with surface ligands that dynamically modify the surface energy and the interparticle interactions of nanoparticles. Here, we employ quantitative in situ TEM with multichamber graphene liquid cell to observe the coalescence processes occurring in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles in different ligand systems, thus affording us an insight into their ligand-dependent coalescence kinetics. The analyses of numerous liquid-phase TEM trajectories of the coalescence and MD simulations of the ligand shells demonstrate that enhanced ligand mobility, employing a heterogeneous ligand mixture, results in the rapid nanoparticle pairing approach and a fast post-merging structural relaxation.