Implications of the barriers and suggestions are discussed.
  Plant senescence is a complicated process involving multiple regulations, such as temperature, light, reactive oxygen species (ROS), endogenous hormone levels, and diseases. Although many such genes have been characterized to understand the process of leaf senescence, there still remain many unknowns, and many more genes need to be characterized.
 
  We identified a rice mutant nbl1 with a premature leaf senescence phenotype. The causative gene, OsNBL1, encodes a small protein with 94 amino acids, which is conserved in monocot, as well as dicot plants. Disruption of OsNBL1 resulted in accelerated dark-induced leaf senescence, accompanied by a reduction in chlorophyll content and up-regulation of several senescence-associated genes. Notably, the nbl1 mutant was more susceptible to rice blast and bacterial blight but more tolerant to sodium chloride. Several salt-induced genes, including HAK1, HAK5, and three SNAC genes, were also up-regulated in the nbl1 mutant. Additionally, the nbl1 mutant was more sensitive to salicylic acid. Plants overexpressing OsNBL1 showed delayed dark-induced senescence, consistent with a higher chlorophyll content compared to wild-type plants.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Streptozotocin.html  However, the overexpression plants were indistinguishable from the wild-types for resistance to the rice blast disease. OsNBL1 is a multi-organelle localized protein and interacts with OsClpP6, which is associated with senescence.
 
  We described a novel leaf senescence mutant nbl1 in rice. It is showed that OsNBL1, a multi-organelle localized protein which interacts with a plastidic caseinolytic protease OsClpP6, is essential for controlling leaf senescence, disease resistance, and salt tolerance.
 We described a novel leaf senescence mutant nbl1 in rice. It is showed that OsNBL1, a multi-organelle localized protein which interacts with a plastidic caseinolytic protease OsClpP6, is essential for controlling leaf senescence, disease resistance, and salt tolerance.
  Structural brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) can occur decades before the onset of symptoms. The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) score has been suggested to be associated with accelerated brain atrophy in middle-aged subjects but the regional specificity of atrophic areas remains to be elucidated.
 
  3T T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of 160 cognitively healthy middle-aged participants (mean age = 52) in the PREVENT-Dementia cohort, from baseline and from follow-up after 2years, were examined. Images were preprocessed using Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12. Voxel-based morphometry was performed in FSL 6.0.1 to identify areas of grey matter (GM) volume differences both cross-sectionally and longitudinally between subjects with high and low baseline CAIDE score (CAIDE score was dichotomized at cohort-median). A GM percentage of change map was created for each subject for evaluation of atrophy over 2years. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education and total intracranial volume.
 
  Compared to subjects with CAIDE score ≤ 6 (low risk), subjects with CAIDE score > 6 (high risk) showed lower GM volume in the temporal, occipital, and fusiform cortex and lingual gyrus at baseline, and greater percentage of GM loss over 2years in the supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal lobule and cingulate gyrus (corrected P < 0.05).
 
  This study demonstrated accelerated GM atrophy concentrated in several AD signature cortical regions in healthy middle-aged subjects with high CAIDE scores.
 This study demonstrated accelerated GM atrophy concentrated in several AD signature cortical regions in healthy middle-aged subjects with high CAIDE scores.The effect of gradually increasing supplemental levels of blueberry extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh muscles of broiler chickens was investigated. One hundred ninety-two 7-day-old chickens were randomly distributed into four groups having four replicates with 12 birds in each replicate. Basal diets were prepared for starter (days 8 to 21) and finisher (days 22 to 42). Basal diets were offered to the control group only, whereas other treatments received basal diets fortified with 0.5, 1, and 2% blueberry extract (BB0.5, BB1, and BB2 groups, respectively). The duration of experiment was 35 days (days 8 to 42). During finisher and overall growth phases, broilers in the BB2 group had greater body weight gain than those in the BB0.5 and control groups, whereas the BB1 group had higher body weight gain than the control group (P  less then  0.001). Body weight gain remained unaffected during the starter phase. Feed intake was greater in the BB2 grtract increased the concentration of different fatty acids in breast and thigh meat of broiler chickens. Findings suggest that feeding 2% blueberry extract may improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh muscles of broilers.Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is an uncommon and highly aggressive tumor. There is no HER2 testing protocol for UCS despite the development of HER2 antibody conjugates. We aimed to elucidate histopathological HER2 expression details in UCS, to compare HER2 scores between ASCO/CAP criteria for gastric and breast cancer, and to propose requirements for HER2 testing for UCS. Eighty-nine specimens from 84 patients with metastatic/recurrent UCS were prospectively collected from May 2018 to July 2020. We performed HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for 89 specimens and FISH for 44 specimens. HER2 expression details and HER2 score were evaluated according to the latest ASCO/CAP criteria for gastric (2016) and breast cancer (2018). HER2 IHC scores according to the gastric cancer criteria were 0 in 31 cases (35%), 1+ in 26 (29%), 2+ in 22 (25%), and 3+ in 10 cases (11%) of the 89 specimens. A lateral/basolateral membranous staining pattern was observed in 28/32 (88%) specimens with HER2 scores of 2+/3+. HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity was identified in 28/32 (88%) of the specimens with HER2 scores of 2+/3+. The overall concordance rate of HER2 score was 70% between the gastric and breast criteria. FISH revealed HER2 gene amplification in 10/44 (23%) specimens containing only lateral/basolateral membranous staining pattern. Based on the histopathological features of HER2 expression in UCS, a scoring system that accepts lateral/basolateral staining patterns should be applied. Furthermore, we proposed specific requirements for UCS testing, including specimen selection, scoring system, and calculating the proportion of HER2-positive cells.