In addition to the imaging findings, we need to comprehensively distinguish various differential diagnoses in cancer patients who develops pneumonia in the COVID-19 pandemic, considering clinical symptoms, behavioral history and other clinical tests. Here, we describe clinical features and imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and the points to be noted in cancer treatment in the era of COVID-19.During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), there was a shortage of medical staff and resources, intensive care unit, ventilator, and personal protective equipment such as mask and gown due to an urgent increases in the numbers of infected and severe patients. Limitation and/or postpone of visit, examination, and procedure have been forced due to spreads of infection in hospitals. There have been cases where patients with cancer hesitate to visit hospital because they are afraid of being infected. To achieve 2 difficult purposes simultaneously, preventing the spread of infection and performing necessary cancer treatment safely, guidelines based on update evidence have been opened. Working group for COVID-19 was set up by cancer-associated 3 societies, including Japanese Cancer Association, Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, and Japanese Society of Medical Oncology. Q&A on COVID-19 for patients and Q&A on COVID-19 for medical staffs(version 2)made by the working group have been put on the homepages of the 3 societies. Guidelines based on updated information should be opened for medical facilities to give safe care and for people to achieve medical care without worry.Cancer precision medicine has become widespread in the world. In Japan, genomic profiling tumor tissues using next generation sequencing(NGS)has been reimbursed to enable simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers and genomic abnormalities in clinical practice. However, NGS analysis of tumor tissue has several problems, including long turnaround time, and difficulty in capturing heterogeneity and longitudinal genotyping. Liquid biopsy, an advanced technique that has been developed in recent years, can assess the status of tumors using samples of body fluids, such as blood and urine, without the use of tumor tissue. In particular, circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA), which is released from tumor cells into the blood by apoptosis and necrosis, can be used to select molecularly targeted therapies, monitor therapeutic efficacy, and determine risk of recurrence and select for adjuvant chemotherapy by assessment of minimal residual disease(MRD). In this review, we outline the usefulness, disadvantages and future perspectives of ctDNA analysis.
  To evaluate the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in agerelated macular degeneration (AMD).
 
  A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching Pubmed, Science Direct, Embase and Web of Science. The pooled sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve (sROC), and the total accurate classification rate were used to evaluate OCTA' diagnostic value of CNV in AMD patients.
 
  Seven studies involving 517 eyes were included in the analysis. The mean age of subjects in each study ranged from 58.5 years to 81.7 years. Fluorescein angiography was applied as the gold standard in five studies. There were 350 eyes diagnosed with CNV, OCTA detected 301 eyes correctly, while among the 167 eyes without CNV, OCTA identified 150 correctly. The total accurate classification rate was 87.23%. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was 0.5, indicating that there was no significant threshold effect in the current study (S=8, p=0.103). The pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity were 0.89 (95%CI 0.82,0.94) and 0.96 (95%CI 0.85,1.00) respectively. The area under sROC was up to 0.911.
 
  The specificity of OCTA for the detection of CNV in AMD patients is extremely high, however, the sensitivity still needs to be improved. In general, the metaanalysis revealed that OCTA had a high diagnostic value for the detection of CNV in AMD patients.
 The specificity of OCTA for the detection of CNV in AMD patients is extremely high, however, the sensitivity still needs to be improved. In general, the metaanalysis revealed that OCTA had a high diagnostic value for the detection of CNV in AMD patients.Introduction Our aim was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and volume (CV) following aerobic physical exercise in healthy young adults. Methods This study included 72 eyes from healthy volunteers between 22 and 37 years old. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed. Measurements using an autorefractometer, ocular biometry and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using the Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI) protocol were taken. OCT was performed as a baseline measurement and after performing 10 min of dynamic physical exercise (3 and 10 min post-exercise). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, and the CT and CV in different areas from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid were obtained. Results In healthy adults, at 3 min post-exercise, CT was higher in the subfoveal, the 3-mm nasal and the 6-mm superior areas. Between 3 min and 10 min post-exercise, the CT was reduced in all areas, and in some areas, the values were even smaller than the baseline measurements. The CV values showed changes after exercise similar to those of thickness. The total CV recovery after exercise was related to sex and physical activity level. Conclusion Individuals with higher physical activity habits had greater choroidal volumes at rest than those with lower physical activity levels.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/diphenhydramine.html  During exercise, healthy young people adjust CT and CV. At 3 min post-exercise, CT and CV increase. Women and individuals with greater physical activity levels reduce their total CV more than others during recovery.Biliary atresia (BA) is the most frequent hepatic cause of death in early childhood. Early referral and timely Kasai portoenterostomy are essential for the improvement of long-term native liver survival rate of BA patients. Screening with stool color card (SCC) has been implemented in Japan since 1994. Recently current digital edition of SCC consisted of seven digitally created images was introduced to China. Our study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of same edition of SCC used in Beijing, China and Sapporo, Japan. In Beijing from 2013 to 2014, SCCs were distributed to infants' guardians by trained nurses in maternal facilities during information sessions on neonatal screening programs. SCC was used at three checkpoints for each infant after birth for screening. The SCC data were collected from 27,561 infants (92.5%) in Beijing by 42-day health checkup, mobile phone and social network services. In Sapporo from 2012 to 2015, the SCCs with a postcard and guardian instructions were inserted into Maternal and Child Health Handbook and distributed to all pregnant women.