to analyse trends in mortality by Pressure Ulcers (PU) in Spain, between 1999 and 2016.
 
  Mortality due to PU in residents in Spain over 65, where a PU was underlying/basic cause of death, was analysed. Data for populations and deaths were gathered from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. Variables were age, sex, year of death and underlying/basic cause of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated (direct method), with 2013 European standard population. To analyse temporal trends and to detect significant changes, joinpoint regression models were adjusted to estimate average annual percentage change of Age-Adjusted mortality Rates for each segment detected. An analysis was performed for those over 65, and by the age groups 65-84, and over 84 years.
 
  A total of 11,238 deaths due to PU in people over 65, between 1999 and 2016, were analysed. There was a general decrease for both, women and men, over the period. From the Joinpoint analysis, for men, two changes were detected in those over 65,ifferences at the end, compared with men. Changes occurred over time could be explained by implementation of patient safety policies.
  Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission or fusion. These mitochondrial dynamics are reported to be associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is divided into 5 groups, including pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), based on its pathogenesis. However, it is still unknown whether and how miRNAs related to mitochondrial dynamics (MD) affect PAH and CTEPH.
 
  We investigated patients who underwent right heart catheterization between October 2016 and January 2019. Out of 34 PH patients, 12 were diagnosed with PAH, and 22 were diagnosed with CTEPH. In addition, there were 30 patients diagnosed with left heart disease. We enrolled the 34 PH patients as the PH group and 30 left heart disease patients as the control group.
 
  Among MD-related miRNAs, the circulating levels of miR-140-3p were higher, and those of miR-485-5p were lower in the PH group than in the control group (p<0.01), suggesting that miRNAs inducing mitochondrial fission are related to PH. The miR-140-3p levels in the PAH and CTEPH groups were higher than those in the control group (p<0.01). The levels of miR-140-3p and miR-485-5p in the PAH group correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.582, p=0.046) and cardiac index (r=-0.36, p=0.04), respectively. The miR-485-5p levels in the CTEPH group correlated with right atrium pressure (r=-0.456, p=0.049).
 
  MD-related miRNAs levels change to induce fission and are closely related to the hemodynamics of PAH and CTEPH.
 MD-related miRNAs levels change to induce fission and are closely related to the hemodynamics of PAH and CTEPH.Hyperopia is a refractive error in which light is focused behind, instead of on, the retina. Clear vision can be obtained by accommodation, but in the long run, this results in eye strain. Hyperopia can be classified as low [≤2.00 diopters (D)], moderate (2.00-4.00 D) and high (>4.00 D). Detailed preoperative evaluation is necessary and essential to obtain good postoperative results. Various surgical techniques can be proposed to correct this ametropia. The main techniques used act either by modifying the corneal curvature with the Excimer laser or by implanting a phakic intraocular lens. The anatomical peculiarities of the hyperopic eye (small corneal diameter, short axial length, narrow anterior chamber or large kappa angle) make refractive surgery for hyperopia a considerable challenge. Large optical ablation zones now allow correction of high hyperopia by reducing the risks of optical aberrations and regression. The patient must be informed and understand the postoperative course, which differs from that of surgery for myopia.
  To study the performance of a pre-loaded Monoka stent in the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).
 
  Non-randomized study of consecutive cases.
 
  A preloaded classic Monoka silicone stent contained entirely inside its introducer (Lacrijet) was used to treat a consecutive series of subjects with CNLDO over an 11-month period (May 2019-March 2020).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ox04528.html  Only subjects with chronic symptomatic CNLDO were included. Subjects with intermittent tearing, canalicular pathology, trisomy 21, facial cleft, or history of lacrimal surgery were excluded. Intraoperative findings were recorded, including the degree and location of the nasolacrimal obstruction, successful metal to metal contact with the probe, any difficulties encountered by the Lacrijet device itself, procedure duration, tolerability of the fixation punctal plug, and finally, inspection of the stent after withdrawal of the inserter. Functional success was defined as disappearance of all symptoms of epiphora.
 
  A total of 45 preloaded Monoka Lacrijet stents (Lcj) were placed consecutively in 38 children. The mean age was 27.9 months (12-78 months). The mean procedural duration was 2.8minutes (range 1-10min). The overall success with disappearance of all symptoms of epiphora was 88.8% (40/45). Surgery in cases of simple mucosal stenosis was successful in 92.2% (35/38) of cases, with a mean follow-up time of 7.9 months (range 1 to 12 months). The duration of stent intubation was for this group was 32 days (range 1-103). The surgical outcomes for the other 7 cases with more complex intraoperative findings are summarized in the publication. All withdrawn probes were intact.
 
  The Lacrijet stent system is a simple and reliable pushed intubation device for CNLDO in appropriately selected cases where bony stenosis of the canal is minimal.
 The Lacrijet stent system is a simple and reliable pushed intubation device for CNLDO in appropriately selected cases where bony stenosis of the canal is minimal.We aimed to describe the natural history of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2A and 2B over more than three decades by considering muscular strength, motor, cardiac and respiratory function. 428 visits of nineteen 2A and twenty 2B patients were retrospectively analysed through a regression model to create the curves of evolution with disease duration of muscle strength (through Medical Research Council grading), motor function measure scale (D1, D2 and D3 domains) and cardio-pulmonary function tests. Clinically relevant muscular and motor function alterations occurred after the first decade of disease, while mild respiratory function alterations started after the second, with preserved cardiac function. Although type 2A showed relatively stronger distal lower limb muscles, while type 2B started with relatively stronger upper limb muscles, the corresponding motor functions were similar, becoming severely compromised after 25 years of disease. This was the longest retrospective study in types 2A and 2B. It defined curves of disease evolution not only from a neuromuscular, but also from functional, cardiac, and respiratory points of view, to be used to evaluate how the natural progression is changed by therapies.