We assessed the feasibility of the ethyl glucuronide biomarker (EtG) through nail sampling to measure alcohol use among youth living with HIV in the United States (YLWH, N= 183); we also evaluated concordance between this EtG biomarker and self-reported measures of alcohol use, specifically, the Alcohol Timeline Followback (TFLB) and Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).
 
  EtG, TFLB, and ASSIST were collected at 4 points over 1 year.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SP600125.html  At baseline and 52 weeks, 78.1% and 70.1%, respectively, provided a valid (full or partial) sample.
 
  At 16 weeks, EtG was associated with ASSIST (r= .25, p < .05). At 28 weeks and 52 weeks, TFLB and ASSIST were correlated with EtG (at 28 weeks r= .23, p < .05 and r= .41, p < .01, respectively; at 52 weeks r= .34, p < .01 and r= .25, p < .05, respectively).
 
  We found that nail-based EtG biomarker was feasible to measure alcohol use among YLWH; we also found concordance between EtG, TLFB, and ASSIST, supporting ongoing use of self-reported alcohol use measures with YLWH.
 We found that nail-based EtG biomarker was feasible to measure alcohol use among YLWH; we also found concordance between EtG, TLFB, and ASSIST, supporting ongoing use of self-reported alcohol use measures with YLWH.
  Suicide has been a leading cause of death for Black youth in the U.S. since the 1980s. Yet, empirical investigations that examine correlates of suicidality and assess within-group differences among Black boys and girls are scant. The current study therefore sought to rectify this gap by assessing whether feelings of worthlessness and parent relationships were associated with suicidality for Black adolescents, while also examining whether youth's experiences are consistent across gender groups.
 
  Data from the 2004-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The NSDUH is a nationally representative probability sample of households in the U.S. Predicted probabilities were plotted to aid interpretation of odds ratios.
 
  Black girls reported more suicide ideation and attempt. Black girls also reported more feelings of worthlessness, while boys reported fewer fights with their parents. Results from the gender-stratified logistic regression analyses reong this population.Gut microbiota transmission from mother to offspring has attracted much interest in recent years. The gut microbiota in the infant plays a potentially significant role in modulating and maintaining the development of infant immunity. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the major immunoglobulin in the intestine, can target polysaccharides and flagellin on the bacterial surface, resulting in sIgA-coated bacteria. The presentation of specific bacteria coated with sIgA may be a signal of disease and provide novel insights into the relationship between infant microbiota and disease. Here, we review the composition of sIgA-coated bacteria in the adult intestine, human milk, and the infant intestine, as well as the factors that influence the development of gut microbiota in early life. Then, we highlight the diseases that are related to variations in sIgA-coated bacteria in the infant and adult intestine. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that sIgA-coated bacteria could play a role in mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we propose directions for future research to promote our understanding within this field.Vaginal agenesis is a rare congenital disorder of female genital tract. Vaginal reconstruction using bowel segment is usually offered last when dilatation and/or prior vaginal reconstruction attempts using graft or flap has failed. Traditionally accomplished using open surgical approach, we describe here our initial experience of robotic-assisted ileo-vaginoplasty. The index patient presents to us with inadequate vaginal depth after failed buccal mucosal graft vaginoplasty. With the patient in low lithotomy position, port placement and docking of the robot was done. Isolation of ileal segment, closure at its proximal end and end-to-end bowel anastomosis was accomplished successfully. However, in view of dense adhesions the subsequent pull-down of the ileal segment into the perineum could not be done safely. The procedure was completed using combined abdomino-perineal open approach. A vaginal stent (in the ileal segment) and a catheter (in the introitus) were placed post-operatively. Post-operative recovery was uneventful. At 2-weeks, 3 months and a subsequent 1 year follow-up Cystoscopy and examination under anesthesia revealed an adequate vaginal depth with patient reporting successful vaginal dilatation. Robotic reconstruction of vagina using bowel segment in select patient, is safe and feasible, but possible with formidable surgical experience.
  Burnout syndrome is a major cause of decreased life quality, mental health, and productivity for physicians. It is strongly related to work overload and has been a scarcely studied topic in pediatric urology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities' recommendations have led to big changes in pediatric urology practice worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the level of burnout in Ibero-American pediatric urologists (IPUs) during this pandemic.
 
  A cross-sectional study was conducted by applying an electronic survey during the COVID-19 pandemic peak to members of the two major associations of pediatric urology in Ibero-America (the Ibero-American Society of Pediatric Urology [SIUP] and the Brazilian School of Pediatric Urology [BSPU]) to evaluate demographic, pre-pandemic, and pandemic data. Burnout levels were assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) questionnaire.
 
  A response rate of 40% was obtained (182 out of 455 IPU respondents). Participants were from 14 different countries in Ibero-A in this study is notable.Oxygen is essential for the survival, function, and fate of mammalian cells. Oxygen tension controls cellular behaviour via metabolic programming, which in turn controls tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, drug metabolism, and numerous pathologies. Thus, oxygen-releasing biomaterials represent a novel and unique strategy to gain control over a variety of in vivo processes. Consequently, numerous oxygen-generating or carrying materials have been developed in recent years, which offer innovative solutions in the field of drug efficiency, regenerative medicine, and engineered living systems. In this review, we discuss the latest trends, highlight current challenges and solutions, and provide a future perspective on the field of oxygen-releasing materials.