https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tpi-1.html Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system characterized by motor weakness, sensory symptoms, areflexia, and specific electrophysiological findings. Rarely, Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (anti-TNFa) agents, which are used as a treatment for immune-mediated diseases, can cause neurological adverse effects on the central nervous system, as well as peripheral nervous system demyelination. We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with ankylosing spondylitis who developed chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after infliximab initiation. Considering the absence of other trigger agents from her medical history and the symptom onset, we assume that the development of CIDP is secondary to the anti-TNFa treatment. Although demyelinating neurological complications of anti-TNF are rare, pharmacovigilance is required. HIPPOKRATIA 2019, 23(4) 179-180. Although demyelinating neurological complications of anti-TNF are rare, pharmacovigilance is required. HIPPOKRATIA 2019, 23(4) 179-180. Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia caused due to renal losses with chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis in normotensive patients should remind clinicians of the rare inherited tubulopathy, Gitelman syndrome. Its diagnosis is further strengthened by the presence of consanguinity and the absence of kaliuretic medications. A definitive diagnosis should be based on genetic testing. We present the cases of three asymptomatic adult patients who were genetically (mutation in the gene) diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome of different severity and response to therapy in terms of hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis. This lifelong disease could cause life-threatening conditions due to the cardiac complications of hypokalemia in some of the affected patients. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for patients a