https://www.selleckchem.com/products/17-DMAG,Hydrochloride-Salt.html Upon implantation in critically sized calvarial bone defects, bone formation was greater in all animals treated with viscoelastic hydrogels. Increases in bone formation were evident in viscoelastic gels, regardless of the mode of presentation of BMP-2 (i.e., soluble delivery or HA nanoparticles). These studies demonstrate that the dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic alginate are an effective strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC spheroids for bone formation and repair.Although obesity is a newly considered risk factor for cancer, the mechanisms by which adipocyte-derived metabolites accelerate cancer malignancy have yet to be elucidated. To identify the connection among heterogeneous cell types, conventional methods including Transwell assays or conditioned media (CM) have been used; however, these methods do not fully reflect niche effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we established an oxygen permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based three-dimensional (3D) culture system to allow direct attachment between human adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSCs) and cancer cells. By doing so, a physiologically bioactive TME was created, which could be used to reveal further the relationships between different cell types. We found that co-culture of cancer cells with ADSCs resulted in a dispersion phenomenon, and the dispersed spheroid was well matched with the enhanced metastatic potential of cancer cells. Lipid profiling and in vitro migration assays suggested that lipids are the driving force for cancer cell migration via HIF-1α upregulation. In addition, the lipid/HIF-1α axis promoted tumor metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. This study presents an in vitro model of a biomimetic TME and provides new mechanistic insights into the effects of ADSC-released fatty acids on cancer cells as oncometabolites.Bioprinting is an emergent technology that has already demonstrated