Background and Objective Primary adrenal lymphoma is a rare, progressive, easily misdiagnosed adrenal tumor with a poor prognosis. There are limited data on its clinical characteristics, and these have been derived from small sample studies. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary adrenal lymphoma. Methods This single-center study retrospectively analyzed data of 50 primary adrenal lymphoma patients treated between January 2008 and January 2018. Demographic information, biochemical indexes, computed tomography images, pathological findings, treatment regimens, and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results The median age of onset was 60.3 years, and 30 (60.0%) of 50 patients were male. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, followed by incidentaloma and B symptoms. On average, patients presented with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (348 IU/L, normal range 110-220 IU/L) and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels (287 IU/L, normal range 72-182 IU/L) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (0.88 mmol/L, normal range > 0.9 mmol/L). Bilateral lesions in the adrenal glands were observed in 30 (60.0%) patients. Computed tomography showed that 42 (84%) patients had signs of infiltration. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was present in 44 (88%) patients. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 70.6% (12/17), 89.5% (17/19), 92.0% (23/25), and 68.8% (11/16) of patients were positive for MYC, p53, BCL2, and both MYC and BCL2, respectively. Combined chemotherapy was associated with a good prognosis. Conclusions Early diagnosis of primary adrenal lymphoma depends on a combination of biochemical examination, imaging studies, and pathological biopsy, and combined chemotherapy may lead to a better prognosis.Introduction Italy, since the end of February 2020, is experiencing the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that may present as an acute respiratory infection. We report on COVID-19 pneumonia in the context of a complex case of Cushing's disease (CD). Case Report A 67-year-old man with CD, who was admitted to our hospital, presented with signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with persistent hypotension and glycemia toward the lower limits. We progressively withdrew almost all treatments for diabetes and CD (pasireotide and metyrapone), and i.v. hydrocortisone was necessary. A tendency to hyperkalemia was probably associated to enoxaparin.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zeocin.html  We summarized the many possible interactions between medications of Cushing's syndrome (CS) and COVID-19. Conclusion Adrenal insufficiency might be a clinical challenge that needs a prompt treatment also in CS patients during COVID-19 infection. We should consider the possibility to titrate or temporary halt medical therapies of CS in the context of COVID-19 infection. Unexpected hyperkalemia in CS patients under treatment with heparin might be the signal of aldosterone suppression.The bone marrow (BM) exists heterogeneously as hematopoietic/red or adipocytic/yellow marrow depending on skeletal location, age, and physiological condition. Mouse models and patients undergoing radio/chemotherapy or suffering acute BM failure endure rapid adipocytic conversion of the marrow microenvironment, the so-called "red-to-yellow" transition. Following hematopoietic recovery, such as upon BM transplantation, a "yellow-to-red" transition occurs and functional hematopoiesis is restored. Gold Standards to estimate BM cellular composition are pathologists' assessment of hematopoietic cellularity in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histological sections as well as volumetric measurements of marrow adiposity with contrast-enhanced micro-computerized tomography (CE-μCT) upon osmium-tetroxide lipid staining. Due to user-dependent variables, reproducibility in longitudinal studies is a challenge for both methods. Here we report the development of a semi-automated image analysis plug-in, MarrowQuant, which ditionally, we present a comparative skeletal map induced by lethal irradiation, with longitudinal quantification of the "red-to-yellow-to-red" transition over 2 months in C57BL/6 femurs and tibiae. We find that, following BM transplantation, BM adiposity inversely correlates with kinetics of hematopoietic recovery and that a proximal to distal gradient is conserved. Analysis of in vivo recovery through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals comparable kinetics. On human trephine biopsies MarrowQuant successfully recognizes the BM compartments, opening avenues for its application in experimental, or clinical contexts that require standardized human BM evaluation.Background The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted healthcare systems worldwide. Admissions for various non-COVID-19 emergencies have significantly decreased. We sought to determine the impact of COVID-19 on admissions for intracranial hemorrhage to a German University Hospital emergency department. Methods In a retrospective analysis of admissions to the emergency department of the University Hospital Mannheim from January to June 2020 and the corresponding time period in 2019, all patients admitted for either traumatic or non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated. Poisson regression was performed to analyze changes in admission rates as a function of year, epoch (COVID-19-epoch, March to April 2020 and corresponding months 2019; non-COVID-19-epoch, January to February and May to June 2019/2020) and the interaction of year and epoch (reflecting the impact of the pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures). Results Overall, 320 patients were included in the study. During the COVID-19-epoch, admission rates for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage decreased significantly by 42.1% (RR 0.579, p = 0.002, 95% confidence interval 0.410-0.818). Likewise, admission rates for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage decreased significantly by 53.7% [RR = 0.463, p less then 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.358-0.599]. Conclusion The decrease of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages may be a consequence of underutilization of the healthcare system whereas decreasing rates of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage admissions may predominantly reflect a decrease in true incidence rates due to lockdown measures with restricted mobility. Raising patient awareness to seek emergency healthcare for acute neurological deficits during lockdown measures is important to ensure appropriate emergency care for patients with intracranial hemorrhage.