2 vs. 17.3ug/100g beef, P = 0.008). Despite using the same feed in fall and spring, cattle from producer 4 had higher total omega-3, omega-6, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids in spring compared to fall (P less then 0.010). These results suggest there are seasonal differences in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, minerals and antioxidants in grass-finished beef independent of finishing diet.BACKGROUND Currently, the role of adjuvant irradiation in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with N1-lymph node status is not clarified. OBJECTIVES To assess the population-based effect of recent developments in radiotherapy such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in relation to overall survival (OS) together with surgery in N1 HNC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 9,318 HNC cases with pT1/2 N0/1 disease from German cancer registries. Time of diagnosis ranged from January 2000 to December 2014, which we divided into three periods (low [LIA] vs intermediate [IA] vs high [HIA] IMRT availability period) based on usage of IMRT in Germany. For each period, we examined a possible association between treatment (surgery vs. surgery and radiotherapy) in terms of OS. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression (models adjusted for HPV-related cancer site). RESULTS Temporal analysis revealed increasing usage of IMRT in Germany. In patients with N1 tumours, a comparison of patients treated with and without radiotherapy during the HIA period showed a superiority of the combined treatment as opposed to surgery alone (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.35-0.85, p = 0.003). The survival analyses related to treatments in terms of period underlined the superiority of surgery plus radiotherapy between periods IA and HIA (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The advent of IMRT, additional radiotherapy may present a survival advantage in patients with N1 HNC when combined with surgery.AIMS To investigate seasonality and association of increased enterovirus and influenza activity in the community with ventricular fibrillation (VF) risk during first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS This study comprised all consecutive patients with first STEMI (n = 4,659; aged 18-80 years) admitted to the invasive catheterization laboratory between 2010-2016, at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, covering eastern Denmark (2.6 million inhabitants, 45% of the Danish population). Hospital admission, prescription, and vital status data were assessed using Danish nationwide registries. We utilized monthly/weekly surveillance data for enterovirus and influenza from the Danish National Microbiology Database (2010-2016) that receives copies of laboratory tests from all Danish departments of clinical microbiology.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vcmmae.html  RESULTS Of the 4,659 consecutively enrolled STEMI patients, 581 (12%) had VF before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. In a subset (n = 807), we found that VF patients experienced more generalized fatigue and flu-like symptoms within 7 days before STEMI compared with the patients without VF (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.76-6.54). During the study period, 2,704 individuals were diagnosed with enterovirus and 19,742 with influenza. No significant association between enterovirus and VF (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.02), influenza and VF (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00), or week number and VF (p-value 0.94 for enterovirus and 0.89 for influenza) was found. CONCLUSION We found no clear seasonality of VF during first STEMI. Even though VF patients had experienced more generalized fatigue and flu-like symptoms within 7 days before STEMI compared with patients without VF, no relationship was found between enterovirus or influenza exposure and occurrence of VF.We hypothesize that by simulating the natural priming in seeds of a species that forms transient seed banks it is possible to clarify molecular aspects of germination that lead to the recruitment of seedlings when the next rainy season begins. We used seeds of Solanum lycocarpum as a biological model. Our findings support the idea that the increment of seed germination kinetics when the rainy season returns is mainly based on the metabolism and embryonic growth, and that the hydropriming, at the end of seed dispersion, increases the germination window time of these seeds by mainly increasing the degradation of galactomannan of the cell wall. This can improve the energy supply (based on carbon metabolism) for seedling growth in post-germination, which improves the seedling's survival chances. From these findings, we promote a hypothetical model about how the priming at the end of the rainy season acts on mRNA synthesis in the germination of seeds from transient banks and the consequence of this priming at the beginning of the following rainy season. This model predicts that besides the Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid balance (content and sensitivity), Auxin would be a key component for the seed-seedling transition in Neotropical areas. Seed collection was performed under authorization number SISGEN AB0EB45.The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile injection apparatus that translocates a spike loaded with various effectors directly into eukaryotic or prokaryotic target cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can load either one of its three T6SSs with a variety of toxic bullets using different but specific modes. The T6SS spike, which punctures the bacterial cell envelope allowing effector transport, consists of a torch-like VgrG trimer on which sits a PAAR protein sharpening the VgrG tip. VgrG itself sits on the Hcp tube and all elements, packed into a T6SS sheath, are propelled out of the cell and into target cells. On occasion, effectors are covalent extensions of VgrG, PAAR or Hcp proteins, which are then coined "evolved" components as opposed to canonical. Here, we show how various passenger domains could be fused to the C terminus of a canonical VgrG, VgrG1a from P. aeruginosa, and be sent into the bacterial culture supernatant. There is no restriction on the passenger type, although the efficacy may vary greatly, since we used either an unrelated T6SS protein, β-lactamase, a covalent extension of an "evolved" VgrG, VgrG2b, or a Hcp-dependent T6SS toxin, Tse2. Our data further highlights an exceptional modularity/flexibility for loading the T6SS nano-weapon. Refining the parameters to optimize delivery of passenger proteins of interest would have attractive medical and industrial applications. This may for example involve engineering the T6SS as a delivery system to shuttle toxins into either bacterial pathogens or tumour cells which would be an original approach in the fight against antimicrobial resistant bacteria or cancer.