https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cd38-inhibitor-1.html Authors advocate a specific focus shall be directed to the risks of youth sports specialization, gender-related developmental trajectories, long-life physical activity, and sport engagement. The "sentinel" role of sports societies, in terms of health and developmental risks, should represent valuable accountability. Authors advocate a specific focus shall be directed to the risks of youth sports specialization, gender-related developmental trajectories, long-life physical activity, and sport engagement. In normal circumstances while left ventricular (LV) apex rotates counterclockwise, LV base has a clockwise movement at the same time. This sort of towelwringing-like movement is called LV twist. The present study was designed to test whether differences in LV rotational mechanics could be detected in elite athletes doing high dynamic sports with different static components in their training. The subject group comprised 80 elite sportsmen. The following groups were created regarding their physical activity Group CI (high dynamic/low static)(n=13, mean age 24.0±5.1 years, Group CII (high dynamic/moderate static)(n=23, mean age 24.6±7.7 years) and Group CIII (high dynamic/high static)(n=34, mean age 22.8±6.0 years). Their results were compared to 67 age- and gender-matched non-athletic healthy controls (mean age 24.0 ± 5.1 years, 33 men). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was used for the evaluation of LV rotational abnormalities. Reduced LV basal rotation was seen in Group CII and CIII subjects compared to the control group (-4.31 ± 1.82 degrees vs. -3.17 ± 2.81 degrees and -2.88 ± 1.88 degrees, p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively). It was accompanied with LV twist reduction in Groups CII and CIII subjects compared to the control group (14.0 ± 3.4 degree vs. 11.3 ± 4.3 degrees and 11.5 ± 4.1 degrees, p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively). None of the elite athletes showed absence of LV twist called as