12 (mm)P=0.04). cumulative intersegmental angular rotation of all lumbar segments from mid to mid position was greater in the Rotation with Flexion subgroup compared to the Rotation with Extension subgroup (P=0.03). Changes in intersegmental translation and angular rotation of lumbar segments in subgroups of patients with LBP may be important contributing factors that induce direction specific lumbar spine loads and contribute to the development or persistence of LBP problems. Changes in intersegmental translation and angular rotation of lumbar segments in subgroups of patients with LBP may be important contributing factors that induce direction specific lumbar spine loads and contribute to the development or persistence of LBP problems. Backpacks are an efficient way of manual carriage used by people of all ages, and is commonly used by schoolchildren. Carrying heavy backpacks may result in cumulative trauma later in life due to biomechanical adaptations during gait. Gait parameters are known to be sensitive to force vectors, which can be altered by load carrying. This study attempts to find the most favorable backpack weight using gait changes as an indicator. This was an observational study conducted on twenty typically developing boys aged between 9 and 14 years. Gait analysis was done using standard recommendations, with increasing backpack loads with respect to their body weights. Gait cycles were captured using video cameras and analyzed using Kinovea0.8.25 motion analyzing software. As the backpack load increased, significant kinematic changes were noted in the child's ankle, knee, and hip joints. These changes were evident when the backpack load increased beyond 15% of their body weight. This study concludes that the optimum weight that can be carried without having an impact on dynamic posture will be less than 15% of the body weight. This study concludes that the optimum weight that can be carried without having an impact on dynamic posture will be less than 15% of the body weight.Osteoporotic fractures (OF) may occur without major trauma or injury. This case reports present a spine OF in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Pisa syndrome (PS). A 75-years-old woman diagnosed with PD for 19 years and PS has been developed. She recently has acute and severe low back pain. No recent injury or fall. After clinical examination and radiograph imaging, moderate wedge compression OF at L2 was revealed without a spinal cord or nerve compression. A program of conservative treatment was applied include antiosteoporotic supplementary, 6-days of bed rest, spine orthosis, and 10-weeks of exercises. The study adapted to use the following outcomes visual analogues scale for low back pain, wall goniometer for lateral trunk flexion, and Oswesrty disability index for disability. After the intervention, the outcomes were improved as these values visual analogues scales 7 points, lateral trunk flexion 20°, and Oswesrty disability index 60%. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-06650833.html The case report suggests that the posture deformity as PS in PD may increase the risk of spine OF. The conservative treatment could be beneficial and safe for the OF in PD and PS. Further studies are required to confirm the role of PD postural deformities in OF and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The Pilates method, developed by Joseph Pilates (1886-1967), has been widely used to improve trunk stability, muscle flexibility and strength, physical fitness, and body awareness. To measure the electromyography of four trunk muscles during three Pilates exercises carried out of the wunda chair. DESING cross-section study. Sixteen women participated in this study with a height and body weight of 1.64±0.04m and 58.7±7.4kg, respectively, and a mean age of 27.6±3.7 years. Rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), longissimus (LO), and multifidus (MU) muscles was evaluated by electromyographic (EMG) tests activity during three Pilates exercises going up front (GF), mountain climb (MC), and swan (SW). EMG was normalized and expressed in the time domain, by the RMS. The highest EMG values concerning the four muscles were observed for the MC exercise, followed by GF and SW (ANOVA p=0.0001, p=0.04, p=0.0002, and p=0.0013, respectively). Our results show that the three Pilates exercises could recruit all the muscles, with a moderate activity intensity. The ANOVA; p<0.05 showed significant difference between the muscles, concerning SW (p=0.0002). Our results show that the three Pilates exercises could recruit all the muscles, with a moderate activity intensity. Our results show that the three Pilates exercises could recruit all the muscles, with a moderate activity intensity. Recent evidence suggests that knee osteoarthritis (KOA) chronic pain can result in brain structural and organizational changes. Thus, patients' pain level, emotional status, and perception of their condition might be negatively altered. An approach to reverse such adaptations to chronic pain is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Combining CBT with exercise might enhance therapy outcomes. To identify the effect of combining exercise and CBT when delivered by a physical therapist in KOA pain. A systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline Complete (EBSCO) databases was conducted from their inception to March 2020, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study risk of bias and quality were assessed through the Risk-of-bias 2 (ROB2) and PEDro scales. Six primary studies met eligibility criteria. All studies had a low risk of bias and were divided into two sub-groups, in-person interventions and distance interventions. Both groups of studies showed within group participant improvements. In regards of WOMAC pain subscale, our meta-analysis revealed an overall deduction of-1.42 (95% CI-1.76,-1.09; I =58%),-1.62 (95% CI-1.97,-1.27; I =0%) in centre-based intervention, and-1.28 (95% CI-1.75,-0.81; I =73%) in distance delivered intervention. Combining exercise and CBT seems to be an effective method to reduce KOA pain, although it is based on a small number of studies. Further studies are needed to reveal any differences when each intervention is applied separately. Combining exercise and CBT seems to be an effective method to reduce KOA pain, although it is based on a small number of studies. Further studies are needed to reveal any differences when each intervention is applied separately.