Although pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an option for female mixed incontinence (MUI), the role of PFMT prior to midurethral sling (MUS) surgery is not well defined. We hypothesize that preoperative PFMT (pretraining) positively impacts urinary storage and voiding symptoms prior to retropubic MUS.
 
  We carried out an institutional review board-approved, retrospective chart review of women with stress-predominant MUI undergoing a retropubic MUS. Seventy-two women elected for initial PFMT before MUS (group 1). These were age-matched with 72 women who underwent MUS only (group 2). The primary outcome was the change in urinary voiding and storage symptoms (Emptying [E] and Inhibition [I; UUI] subsets of the SEAPI classification). Additional outcomes were stress urinary incontinence (SUI) resolution and change in quality of life (QoL) indices.
 
  Mean age and follow-up were 49± 12years and 33± 12months respectively. After MUS, SUI resolved in 79.2% and 69.4% in groups 1 and 2 respectively (p > 0.05). In group 1, 18% and 20.8% had improvement/resolution in the E and I subsets prior to MUS. Postoperatively, similar rates of improvement/resolution in the E (25% for both) and I (68% vs 63.9%) subsets were observed in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Postoperative QoL indices were statistically improved in both groups, with no significant difference between groups.
 
  Pretraining with PFMT before MUS was associated with preoperative improvement in emptying symptoms and UUI. Although not statistically significant, pretraining was associated with a higher chance of SUI resolution in the long term. If pretraining is beneficial before MUS, the effect appears to be small.
 Pretraining with PFMT before MUS was associated with preoperative improvement in emptying symptoms and UUI. Although not statistically significant, pretraining was associated with a higher chance of SUI resolution in the long term. If pretraining is beneficial before MUS, the effect appears to be small.
  The delivery of surgical care in England has seen a momentum towards centralisation within larger volume hospitals and surgical teams. The aim of this study was to investigate outcomes in England in relationship to hospital and surgeon annual volumes for total thyroidectomy.
 
  Data were extracted from the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database for England. A 6-year period (April 2012-March 2018 inclusive) for all adult admissions for thyroidectomy was used in the analysis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/proxalutamide-gt0918.html  The primary outcome measure used was a length of hospital stay greater than 2days or an emergency readmission within 30days following surgery. This was used as a proxy for surgical complications. A multilevel modelling strategy was used to adjust for hierarchy and potentially confounding.
 
  Data for 22,823 total thyroidectomies across 144 hospital trusts were used for analysis. For total thyroidectomy, larger volume surgeons had reduced levels of post-surgical complications; length of stay > 2 and > 4days; emergency readmission at 30days; and hypoparathyroidism, vocal cord palsy, stridor, and tracheostomy at 1-year post-surgery. Larger hospital volume was associated with lower levels of emergency readmission at 30days and hypoparathyroidism at 1year.
 
  There is significant correlation between surgeon volume and clinical outcome for total thyroidectomy. The relationship was approximately linear, and a low-volume threshold could not be defined.
 There is significant correlation between surgeon volume and clinical outcome for total thyroidectomy. The relationship was approximately linear, and a low-volume threshold could not be defined.
  Elevated arterial-central venous carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (AVCO
  ) may be an important marker to predict tissue and organ hypoperfusion in adults. We analyzed the hemodynamic data of infants with congenital heart disease who underwent corrective repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to identify whether AVCO
  has clinical significance in early postoperative tissue hypoperfusion, occurrence of complications, and clinical outcomes.
 
  Infants with clinical conditions of hypoperfusion, without volume responsiveness and with ineffective initial treatment, within 3h of cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. A pulse contour cardiac output catheter was used to monitor the cardiac index (CI). Eight measurements of arterial blood gas and central venous blood gas were taken within 42h after surgery. Clinical data of all patients were recorded.
 
  A total of 69 children were enrolled in this study. Arteriovenous oxygen difference, AVCO
  , lactic acid level, and vasoactive inotropic score in the hypoperfusion group (oxygen supply/oxygen consumption ratio [DO
  /VO
  ] of ≤ 2) were significantly higher than those in the non-hypoperfusion group (DO
  /VO
   > 2), while the CI in the hypoperfusion group was significantly lower than that in the non-hypoperfusion group. The cutoff value of AVCO
  to predict DO
  /VO
   ≤ 2 was 12.3 within 42h of surgery with area under the curve of 0.84. High AVCO
  is more likely to be associated with some complications and prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit.
 
  Elevated AVCO
  within 42h of CPB in infants is associated with tissue and organ hypoperfusion and incidence of complications. Persistent or repeated increase in AVCO
  indicates poor prognosis.
 Elevated AVCO2 within 42 h of CPB in infants is associated with tissue and organ hypoperfusion and incidence of complications. Persistent or repeated increase in AVCO2 indicates poor prognosis.titleBONE MINERAL DENSITY OF CHILDREN WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ADMITTED TO YANGON CHILDREN HOSPITAL.
  Intravenous (IV) misuse of the µ opioid analgesic oxymorphone has caused significant public health harms; however, no controlled data on its IV abuse potential are available. The primary aims of this pilot study were to directly compare IV oxymorphone to IV oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone on a subjective measure of drug liking and to assess relative potency.
 
  Participants (n = 6) with opioid use disorder, physical dependence, and current IV use completed this two-site, within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled, inpatient pilot study. During each session, one IV dose (mg/70kg) was administered oxymorphone (1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32), hydromorphone (1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18), oxycodone (18, 32, 56), morphine (18, 32), and placebo. Data were collected before and for 6h after dosing. Primary outcomes included safety/physiological effects, subjective reports of drug liking, and relative potency estimates.
 
  All active test drugs produced prototypical, dose-related µ opioid agonist effects (e.g., miosis).