91-0.98), confirming the fitness of the Arrhenius model to predict the oxidative indices of the samples during normal storage.Onion waste disposal issue could be solved by using onion skin as food ingredient. Therefore, the aim of present study is the estimation of flavonoid concentration, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities of onion skin of fifteen Indian cultivars. Flavonoid quantification was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography, which showed highest concentration of quercetin, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, luteolin and kaempferol in cv. 'NHRDF Red' (11,885.025 mg/kg), 'Hissar-2' (1432.875 mg/kg), 'Pusa Riddhi' (1669.925 mg/kg) and 'Bhima Shakti' (709.975 mg/kg), respectively in dry weight. Highest TPC and TFC were found in cv. 'NHRDF Red' while lowest were measured in cv. 'Bhima Shubhra'. DPPH assay (%), ABTS assay (%) and FRAP assay (µmol gallic acid/g) were showed maximum antioxidant capacity for cv. 'NHRDF Red' whereas least obtained for cv. 'Bhima Shubhra'. Skin of cv. 'Hissar-2' and 'NHRDF Red' are the best source of flavonoids and natural antioxidants.Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae) is a dietary herb used as a spice, condiment and medicine. A. graveolens (Celery) has been studied for its antimicrobial property and for its application as flavours in food industry. The present study investigated the Apium graveolens oleoresin as an anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm agent. The quorum sensing and biofilm inhibition study was carried out using biosensor strains Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The MIC of celery oleoresin against C. violaceum CV12472 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 was 10 and 25% v/v, respectively. Inhibition of violacein and biofilm formation was tested at concentrations of oleoresins ranging from 1.56 and 50% v/v. The oleoresins showed a concentration dependent QS inhibitory activity and at sub-MIC of 6.25 and 12.5% v/v, the oleoresins significantly inhibited violacein production and biofilm formation (p less then 0.05). Similarly, the celery oleoresin had significant QS modulatory effect on swimming, swarming and twitching motility in P. aeruginosa PAO1 at 12.5% v/v (p less then 0.05). The major phytoconstituents present in celery oleoresin as analysed by GC-MS were eicosadiene, benzenemethanol and methyl ester which have not been previously reported. The findings suggest that celery has QS and biofilm inhibitory potential against gram negative pathogens and can find application as food intervention techniques.The interest in carob pod as an ingredient of functional foods is constantly increasing due to its beneficial health effect and functional properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of carob seeds, as well as the functional properties of its isolated galactomannan fraction. The lipid, protein, carbohydrate and phenolic composition were analysed. The obtained results demonstrated that the main detected fatty acids were oleic (45.0%), linoleic (32.4%), and palmitic (16.6%) acid. The primary tocopherol in the tested tocopherol fraction was γ-tocopherol (53.1%). It was established that β-sitosterol (74.2%) and stigmasterol (12.8%) predominated in the sterol fraction. Carob seed was characterized by high protein (25.7%) content, while mannose and galactose were the dominating monosaccharides. Moreover, the isolated galactomannan from carob seed demonstrated good swelling properties-30.1 ml per g sample and oil-holding capacity (27.9 g/g sample). The total polyphenolic and flavonoids content of carob seeds was 1.76 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 0.30 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively. The carob seeds showed the highest antioxidant potential by cupper reduction assay-15.71 mM Trolox® equivalent/g dry weight. The mineral composition was also defined as the macroelements Ca and Mg were the predominant minerals in the seed. The obtained results showed that carob seeds were a valuable source not only of phenolic compounds and antioxidants, but also of proteins, lipids, galactomannan with functional properties that could improve the nutritional value of foods in which are incorporated.Plants consist of triterpenoids such as phytosterols (PT) (C29H50O) with steroidal nuclei, including sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol and campesterol. They are hydrophobic but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents and are isolated from industrial waste deodorizer distillates of various edible oil industries. They exist as free PT or their ester derivatives in soybean, rice, wheat, oat, cottonseed and corn fiber, and other cereals and grains. Conventional isolation techniques such as solvent extraction, distillation, evaporative fractionation, saponification and chemical esterification are employed for isolation and purification of PT. The present article reviews the various advanced separation techniques like solvent crystallization, supercritical fluid extraction, high speed counter-current chromatography and enzymatic process as strategic methods to isolate and purify sterols.Metal based packaging materials provide excellent barrier properties and hence, being used widely in food packaging applications. They are used in different package forms and also as closures such as for glass bottles and composite cans. Major health and product safety concerns of metal packaging comprise migration of bisphenol A, lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminium, iron, nickel, bulging of cans, tin dissolution, blackening and corrosion. Metals are not inert to food products, hence coated with protective lacquers to prevent metal-food interaction and migration of metal components. Metal packaging materials have lower global warming potential and higher recyclability due to their magnetic properties which helps in easier segregation. An attempt has been made in this article to review the metal packaging materials used in food industry and Indian Standard specifications, their safety and recyclability aspects.Efforts to curtail the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) have led to the unprecedented concurrent confinement of nearly two-thirds of the global population. The large human lockdown and its eventual relaxation can be viewed as a Global Human Confinement Experiment. This experiment is a unique opportunity to identify positive and negative effects of human presence and mobility on a range of natural systems, including wildlife, and protected areas, and to study processes regulating biodiversity and ecosystems. We encourage ecologists, environmental scientists, and resource managers to contribute their observations to efforts aiming to build comprehensive global understanding based on multiple data streams, including anecdotal observations, systematic assessments and quantitative monitoring. We argue that the collective power of combining diverse data will transcend the limited value of the individual data sets and produce unexpected insights.  https://www.selleckchem.com/GSK-3.html  We can also consider the confinement experiment as a "stress test" to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in the adequacy of existing networks to detect human impacts on natural systems.