Using crosstabulation, DTR allowed identification of PD-MCI patients with an accuracy of 80%. Delayed free and cued recall was associated with decreased GMV and increased MD in multiple fronto-temporal and parietal areas. Conclusion Encoding and retrieval deficits are a main characteristic of PD-MCI and are associated with structural damage in temporal, parietal and prefrontal areas. Copyright © 2020 Horta-Barba, Pagonabarraga, Martínez-Horta, Marín-Lahoz, Sampedro, Fernández-Bobadilla, Botí, Bejr-Kasem, Aracil-Bolaños, Pérez-Pérez, Pascual-Sedano, Campolongo, Izquierdo, Gómez-Ansón and Kulisevsky.Introduction Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides important information for management and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Yet, optimal timing of MRI remains unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety of early MRI and to identify a method for appropriate patient selection to minimize adverse events related to the intrahospital transport (IHT) and the MRI examination. Methods Twenty-six patients with sTBI [mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 6, range 3-8] admitted to our neurosurgical ICU from 03/2015 to 12/2017 and receiving at least one MRI within the first 14 days after initial traumatic event were prospectively included in the study. The following requirements were fulfilled for at least 4 h prior to anticipated MRI MAP > 70 mmHg, aPCO2 30-40 mmHg, stable ICP less then 25 mmHg. All relevant cardiopulmonary and cerebral parameters and medication were recorded. The following MRI sequences were performed DWI, FLAIR, 3D T2-space, 3D T1 MPRAGE, 3D SWI, 3D TOF, pASL, and 1H/31P-MRS. Results Four females and 22 males (aged 23-78 years, mean 46.4 years) with a median GCS on admission of 5 (range 3-8) were analyzed. In total, 40 IHTs were performed within the first 14 days (mean 6 days, range 1-14 days). Mean pre-MRI ICP was 14.1 mmHg (range 3-32 mmHg). The mean post-MRI ICP was 14.3 mmHg (range 3-29 mmHg), decreasing to a mean ICP of 13.2 mmHg after 1 h (range 3-29 mmHg). There were no significant differences in ICP measurements before and after MRI (p = 0.30). MAP remained stable with no significant changes during the entire IHT and MRI. No other adverse events were observed as well. Conclusion Early MRI in acute severe TBI is feasible and safe. Yet, careful patient selection with prior adequate testing of cardiopulmonary and cerebral parameters is crucial to minimize transport- or examination-related morbidity. Copyright © 2020 Pinggera, Luger, Bürgler, Bauer, Thomé and Petr.Background Cognitive impairment following a minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is common; however, due to diagnostic difficulties, the prevalence and underlying cause of impairment remain poorly defined.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/1-azakenpaullone.html  We compared cognition in patients after a minor stroke, TIA, or mimic event at three time points in the first year following the event. We examine whether cognitive impairment occurs following these events and whether this impairment differs based on the event type. Further, we measure whether these findings persist after controlling for age, education, and the presence of vascular risk factors and whether the presence of vascular risk factors, independent of event etiology, is associated with cognitive impairment. Lastly, we investigate whether increased stroke risk, as assessed by the ABCD2, is associated with reduced cognition. Methods Medical information, a cognitive screening test, and a measure of executive functioning were collected from 613 patients (123 minor stroke, 175 TIA, and 315 mimular risk factors in these patients. This highlights the importance of long-term management of vascular risk factors beyond event recovery to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Increased stroke risk (i.e., ABCD2 score) was also associated with reduced cognition, suggesting that it may be helpful in signaling the need for further cognitive evaluation and intervention post-event. Copyright © 2020 Nicolas, Levi, Evans, Michie, Magin, Quain, Bivard and Karayanidis.Botulinum NeuroToxin-A (BoNT-A) injections to the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lower-leg casts are commonly combined to treat ankle equinus in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). However, the decomposed treatment effects on muscle or tendon structure, stretch reflexes, and joint are unknown. In this study, BoNT-A injections to the MG and casting of the lower legs were applied separately to gain insight into the working mechanisms of the isolated treatments on joint, muscle, and tendon levels. Thirty-one children with spastic CP (GMFCS I-III, age 7.4 ± 2.6 years) received either two weeks of lower-leg casts or MG BoNT-A injections. During full range of motion slow and fast passive ankle rotations, joint resistance and MG stretch reflexes were measured. MG muscle and tendon lengths were assessed at resting and at maximum dorsiflexion ankle angles using 3D-freehand ultrasound. Treatment effects were compared using non-parametric statistics. Associations between the effects on joint and muscle or tendon lsed dorsiflexion without any changes to the muscle length. This supports the need for further investigation on the effect of the combined treatments and the development of treatments that more effectively lengthen the muscle. Copyright © 2020 Peeters, Van Campenhout, Hanssen, Cenni, Schless, Van den Broeck, Desloovere and Bar-On.Background Intracranial aneurysm wall degradation can be associated with lipid infiltration. However, the relationship between lipid infiltration and aneurysm rupture has not been explored quantitatively. To investigate the correlation between lipid infiltration and aneurysm rupture, we utilized patient-specific simulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport to analyze lipid infiltration in the cerebral aneurysm wall. Methods Sixty-two aneurysms were analyzed. Patient blood pressure, plasma LDL concentration, and three-dimensional angiographic images were obtained to simulate LDL transport in aneurysms. Morphological, hemodynamic, and lipid accumulation parameters were compared between ruptures and unruptured groups. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed to determine parameters that are independently associated with rupture. Results Size ratio, wall shear stress, low shear area, relative residence time, area-averaged LDL infiltration rate, and maximum LDL infiltration rate were significant parameters in univariate analysis (P less then 0.