In an integrated model of social cognition (SC), the theory of mind (ToM), the recognition of behavior in social situations (RBSS), empathy, and sensitivity to moral and conventional rules (SMCR) cooperate in generating mental representations of the interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to extend our knowledge of the SC of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients by characterizing its various aspects and predictors.
 
  Fifty adult patients with TLE and 50 healthy controls were assessed using ToM, RBSS and SMCR neuropsychological tests, the Empathy Questionnaire, and the psychopathology Symptoms Check List 90R (SCL90-R).
 
  Patients and controls were similar in terms of occupation, income level, age, sex, marital status and the number of family members. Multivariate analysis of variance with demographic variables as the covariates showed that they were similar in SMCR and empathy. The patients, conversely, had lower ToM and RBSS scores, and higher scores on the SCL90-R psychoticism, depression, pural phenotype of TLE.Incurable breast cancer bone metastasis causes widespread bone loss, resulting in fragility, pain, increased fracture risk, and ultimately increased patient mortality. Increased mechanical signals in the skeleton are anabolic and protect against bone loss, and they may also do so during osteolytic bone metastasis. Skeletal mechanical signals include interdependent tissue deformations and interstitial fluid flow, but how metastatic tumor cells respond to each of these individual signals remains underinvestigated, a barrier to translation to the clinic. To delineate their respective roles, we report computed estimates of the internal mechanical field of a bone mimetic scaffold undergoing combinations of high and low compression and perfusion using multiphysics simulations. Simulations were conducted in advance of multimodal loading bioreactor experiments with bone metastatic breast cancer cells to ensure that mechanical stimuli occurring internally were physiological and anabolic. Our results show that mechanical stimuli throughout the scaffold were within the anabolic range of bone cells in all loading configurations, were homogenously distributed throughout, and that combined high magnitude compression and perfusion synergized to produce the largest wall shear stresses within the scaffold. These simulations, when combined with experiments, will shed light on how increased mechanical loading in the skeleton may confer anti-tumorigenic effects during metastasis.Process intensification by application of perfusion mode in pre-stage bioreactors and subsequent inoculation of cell cultures at high seeding densities (HSD) has the potential to meet the increasing requirements of future manufacturing demands.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iwr-1-endo.html  However, process development is currently restrained by a limited understanding of the cell's requirements under these process conditions. The goal of this study was to use extended metabolite analysis and metabolic modeling for targeted optimization of HSD cultivations. The metabolite analysis of HSD N-stage cultures revealed accumulation of inhibiting metabolites early in the process and flux balance analysis led to the assumption that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were contributing to the fast decrease in cell viability. Based on the metabolic analysis an optimized feeding strategy with lactate and cysteine supplementation was applied, resulting in an increase in antibody titer of up to 47%. Flux balance analysis was further used to elucidate the surprisingly strong synergistic effect of lactate and cysteine, indicating that increased lactate uptake led to reduced ROS formation under these conditions whilst additional cysteine actively reduced ROS via the glutathione pathway. The presented results finally demonstrate the benefit of modeling approaches for process intensification as well as the potential of HSD cultivations for biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
  Filariae are parasitic worms that include the pathogens Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia spp. and Mansonella spp. which are endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, Asia-Pacific, South and Central America. Filariae have a wide clinical spectrum spanning asymptomatic infection to chronic debilitating disease including blindness and lymphedema. Despite successful eradication programmes, filarial infections remain an important -albeit neglected - source of morbidity. We sought to characterize the risk of transfusion transmission of microfilaria with a view to guide mitigation practices in both endemic and non-endemic countries.
 
  A scoping review of scientific publications as well as grey literature was carried out by a group of domain experts in microbiology, transfusion medicine and infectious diseases, representing the parasite subgroup of the International Society of Blood Transfusion.
 
  Cases of transfusion-transmitted filariasis are rare and confined to case reports of variable qualityended. Given endemicity in low-resource regions, priority should be on the control of filariasis with public health measures.The aim of this study was to develop a robust, quality controlled, and reproducible erythroid culture system to obtain high numbers of mature erythroblasts and red blood cells (RBCs). This was achieved using a fully controlled stirred-tank bioreactor by the design of experiments (DOE) methods in the serum-free medium by defining the appropriate culture parameters. Human cord blood CD34+ cells were first cultured in static flasks and then inoculated to stirred-tank bioreactors. Cell diameter was gradually decreased and final RBC yields were significantly higher when cells were inoculated at sizes smaller than 12 μm. The larger immature cells in the basophilic stage did not survive, while smaller mature erythroid cells were successfully expanded at high agitation speeds, demonstrating that appropriate seeding timing is critical. A high inoculation cell density of 5 × 106  cells/ml was achieved reaching 1.5 × 107  cells/ml. By using DOE analysis fitted to precise stages of erythropoiesis, we were able to acquire the optimal culture parameters for pH (7.