Water resources can be soon exhausted with the overdeveloped industrialization. High-water-consumption (HWC) industries and their supply chains are trying to reduce water consumption in the production process. These water-saving behaviors and effects may be subsidized by the government to pursue the goal of social welfare maximization (SWM). In this context, to investigate when to bring in government subsidy for any water-saving behaviors and effects to maximize the social welfare, six game-theoretical decision models for the water-saving supply chain under three scenarios are developed, analyzed, and compared, and the corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses of water-saving case in the papermaking industry are conducted and compared; on this basis, the corresponding policy implications and managerial insights are discussed and summarized in this article. The research results indicate that the supply chain would only have internal incentive to implement water-saving management under low- or medium-cost case, while the government would only have external incentive to subsidize water-saving behaviors and effects under medium-cost case. Besides, the coordination strategy outperforms the equilibrium strategy regarding the water-saving effects, operational performances, social welfare, consumer surplus, and positive externality for the water-saving supply chain under all three scenarios. Furthermore, a kind of niche targeting subsidy policy based on actual water-saving effect that the government only subsidizes the water-saving supply chain operating under coordination strategy with medium water-saving cost structure can achieve social welfare maximization, operational performance improvement, and positive externality enhancement. PRACTITIONER POINTS The optimal interval for internal incentives of water-saving is explored. The optimal interval for government subsidies of water-saving is investigated. The optimal operational strategy for the water-saving supply chain is examined.
  Activation from an automatic focus is thought to show centrifugal spread. In patients with premature ventricular complex/ventricular tachycardia (PVC/VT) from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), the presence of preferential conduction and epicardial connections could however also lead to noncentrifugal wavefront propagation.
 
  To study endocardial activation in RVOT PVC/VT using high-resolution 3D activation mapping.
 
  Consecutive patients with frequent idiopathic PVC/VT were studied. High-resolution 3D activation maps were acquired using a multielectrode mapping catheter (Orion, Rhythmia, Boston Scientific). Noncentrifugal activation was defined as a pattern of wavefront propagation which does not show uniform propagation in all directions from one focus. Patients without sustained ablation success and patients with a left-sided PVC origin or with insufficient map density were excluded from the analysis.
 
  Sixteen patients (44% female) with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47-64 conduction and or epicardial/intramural connections in the outflow tract.
  Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (ITR) is a novel anti-tyrosinase recently shown to be effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Low-fluence Q-switched NdYAG 1064-nm laser (LFQS) has proven to be effective for various hyperpigmentary conditions. However, there is no study on the efficacy and safety of combined ITR and LFQS treatment.
 
  To compare the efficacy and safety of combined ITR and LFQS with LFQS monotherapy for facial hyperpigmentation.
 
  Patients with symmetrical facial hyperpigmentation were treated with five sessions of once weekly LFQS on the whole face. One side was randomly treated with ITR and the other side received a placebo cream for 12weeks. Patients were followed for 8weeks after the last laser treatment. Relative lightness index (RL*I), Facial Hyperpigmentation Severity Score on the malar area (FHSS
  ), patient satisfaction, recurrence, and adverse events were recorded.
 
  Twenty-four patients completed the study. Both sides demonstrated significant reductions of mean RL*I and mean FHSS
  from baseline (P<.01). At the 4th week, the ITR-treated side showed more improvement of mean RL*I than the placebo-treated side (62.5% vs 47.3% improvement, P<.05). The mean FHSS
  on the ITR-treated was reduced at a significantly higher percentage than the placebo-treated side (54.4% vs 40.2% reduction, P<.05). Partial recurrence was observed on both sides. No serious side effects were noted.
 
  Combined ITR and LFQS therapy was more superior than LFQS monotherapy in the treatment of facial hyperpigmentation. ITR may serve as adjuvant for patients with such condition.
 Combined ITR and LFQS therapy was more superior than LFQS monotherapy in the treatment of facial hyperpigmentation. ITR may serve as adjuvant for patients with such condition.
  The aim of our study was to assess the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on postoperative upstaging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
 
  This study consisted of 110 patients who had undergone RAPN and were followed up for at least 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified as AKI or non-AKI based on their serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate within 7 days after surgery.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html  Patient characteristics, outcome of RAPN and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and CKD upstage 6 months after surgery were compared between the AKI and non-AKI groups.
 
  A total of 26 patients (23.6%) experienced AKI after surgery. RENAL (radius, exophytic/endophitic properties, nearness of the tumor to the collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, location relative to the polar lines) nephrometry scores were ≥7 for 22 (84.6%) in the AKI group and 39 (46.4%) in the non-AKI group (P = .0006). A significantly smaller proportion of patients in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group recovered 90% of baseline function (38.5% vs 81.0%, P < .0001). CKD upstaging occurred in a total of 27 patients 24.5%) and in a significantly larger proportion of patients in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group (42.3% vs 19.0%, P = .0160). There was no significant difference in characteristics and perioperative outcomes between the patients with and without CKD, except for in those experiencing AKI.
 
  After RAPN, AKI can be associated with CKD upstaging.
 After RAPN, AKI can be associated with CKD upstaging.