hose conceived via IVF were at greater risk of developing cancer compared with children conceived naturally.
 This study found that among children with birth defects, those conceived via IVF were at greater risk of developing cancer compared with children conceived naturally.
  Genomic screening for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in unselected women offers an opportunity to prevent cancer morbidity and mortality, but the potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of such screening have not been well studied.
 
  To estimate the lifetime incremental incidence of HBOC and the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and cost-effectiveness of HBOC genomic screening in an unselected population vs family history-based testing.
 
  In this study conducted from October 27, 2017, to May 3, 2020, a decision analytic Markov model was developed that included health states for precancer, for risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), for earlier- and later-stage HBOC, after cancer, and for death. A complimentary cascade testing module was also developed to estimate outcomes in first-degree relatives. Age-specific RRM and RRSO uptake probabilities were estimated from the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative and published sources. Palue. The potential for harm conferred by inappropriate reduction in mammography among noncarriers should be quantified.
 The results of this study suggest that population HBOC screening may be cost-effective among younger women but not among older women. Cascade testing of first-degree relatives added a modest improvement in clinical and economic value. The potential for harm conferred by inappropriate reduction in mammography among noncarriers should be quantified.
  Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting multiple organs and commonly caused by somatic pathogenic variants in BRAF V600E and mitogen-activated protein kinase genes. Clinical features of ECD result from histiocytic involvement of various tissues; while endocrine involvement in ECD occurs frequently, the prevalence of central or primary hypothyroidism has not been thoroughly investigated.
 
  To assess hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) dysfunction in patients with ECD.
 
  This cross-sectional study included 61 patients with ECD who were enrolled in a natural history study at a tertiary care center between January 2011 and December 2018. ECD was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, genetic, and histopathological features. Data were analyzed in March 2020.
 
  Diagnosis of ECD.
 
  Main outcome was the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adults with ECD compared with community estimates. Patients underwent baseline evaluation with a thyroid function test, including thyrotitarism (7 [47%] vs 3 [7%]; P < .001). Among patients with hypothyroidism, those with central hypothyroidism, compared with patients with primary hypothyroidism, had a lower mean (SD) body mass index (28.3 [2.6] vs 36.3 [5.9]; P = .007) and higher frequencies of abnormal sellar imaging (5 [83%] vs 3 [27%]; P = .050) and panhypopituitarism (5 [83%] vs 3 [27%]; P = .050).
 
  In this cohort study, a higher prevalence of central and primary hypothyroidism was identified in patients with ECD compared with the community. There should be a low threshold for testing for hypothyroidism in patients with ECD, and treatment should follow standard guidelines.
 In this cohort study, a higher prevalence of central and primary hypothyroidism was identified in patients with ECD compared with the community. There should be a low threshold for testing for hypothyroidism in patients with ECD, and treatment should follow standard guidelines.
  The proportion of patients who develop long-term benzodiazepine use remains controversial, as do the length of time before long-term use develops and the factors associated with long-term use.
 
  To investigate the incidence of long-term benzodiazepine and related drug (BZDR) use and factors associated with the development of long-term use implementing a follow-up design with new BZDR users.
 
  This population-based cohort study used a nationwide cohort of 129 732 new BZDR users in Finland. New users of BZDRs aged 18 years or older were identified from the prescription register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland as individuals who initiated BZDR use during 2006 and had not used BZDRs from 2004 to 2005. The follow-up continued until death, long-term hospitalization, a gap of 2 years in BZDR use, or December 31, 2015. The population was analyzed according to age at treatment initiation, categorized into younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) subcohorts. Analyses were conducted from specific BZDR used initially is associated with the development of long-term BZDR use and should be carefully considered when prescribing BZDRs. The observed factors that appear to be associated with development of long-term BZDR use also should be considered in clinical decision-making when starting and monitoring BZDR treatment.
  Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and inflammation is thought to contribute to this excess risk. Production of HIV during otherwise effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with inflammation.
 
  To determine whether higher levels of viral persistence are associated with atherosclerosis as assessed by changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) over time.
 
  In this cohort study, intima-media thickness, a validated marker of atherosclerosis, was assessed over time in a cohort of treated PLWH with viral suppression.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-549.html  Cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA and change in IMT, adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and HIV-related factors, were examined, as well as which factors were associated with viral persistence. One hundred fifty-two PLWH with undetectable viral loads for at least 6 months before study enrollment were recruited from HIV clinics affiliated with 2 hospitals in San Francisco, California, from January 1, 2003, to est that measurements of viral persistence in treated HIV disease are independently associated with incident carotid plaque development. The size and transcriptional activity of the HIV reservoir may be important contributors to HIV-associated atherosclerosis.
 These findings suggest that measurements of viral persistence in treated HIV disease are independently associated with incident carotid plaque development. The size and transcriptional activity of the HIV reservoir may be important contributors to HIV-associated atherosclerosis.