https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk3787.html In the hands of specialized endocrine surgeons IOPTH is an essential tool for intraoperative decision-making and quality assurance.BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery is becoming increasingly more important as the technology advances. This development can be measured by the increase of publications on AI in neurosurgery over the last years. OBJECTIVE This article provides insights into the current possibilities of using AI in neurosurgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A review of the literature was carried out with a focus on exemplary work on the use of AI in neurosurgery. RESULTS The current neurosurgical publications on the use of AI show the diversity of the topic in this field. The main areas of application are diagnostics, outcome and treatment models. CONCLUSION The various areas of application of AI in the field of neurosurgery with a refined preoperative diagnostics and outcome predictions will significantly influence the future of neurosurgery. Neurosurgeons will continue to make the decisions on the indications for surgery but an optimized statement on diagnosis, treatment options and on the risk of surgery will be made by neurosurgeons with the help of AI in the future.BACKGROUND Risks of thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter (MNG) in older and frail patients are unclear, particularly regarding hematoma and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy. METHODS MNG patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were reviewed in the ACS-NSQIP procedure-targeted database (2016-2017). Outcomes were analyzed between adult (age less then 65), older-adult (age ≥65 and less then 80), and oldest-old (age ≥80) patients. Five-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) was calculated based on functional status, diabetes, COPD, CHF, and hypertension, and used in comparative analyses. RESULTS A total of 2189 adult, 635 older-adult, and 59 oldest-old patients were included. Compared to adult patients, older-adult and oldest-ol