During the past few decades, contamination of sediments by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) has been observed in estuarine and coastal areas on the west coast of South Korea. The contaminants are suspected to cause toxicities in aquatic biota, but little is known about their ecological effects, particularly on benthic microbial communities. In this study, an eDNA-based assessment was applied along with classic assessments of exposure, such as chemistry and in vitro bioassays, to evaluate condition of benthic bacterial communities subjected to PTSs. Two strategies were adopted for the study. One was to conduct a comprehensive assessment in space (by comparing seawater and freshwater sites at five coastal regions) and in time (by following change over a 5-y period). Although we found that bacterial composition varied among and within years, some phyla, such as Proteobacteria (28.7%), Actinobacteria (13.1%), Firmicutes (12.7%), and Chloroflexi (12.5%) were consistently dominated across the study regions. Certaoach and has potential as a more rapid screening tool. Lyophilized postbiotics of Lactobacillus plantarum was prepared and impregnated in bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) by ex-situ method to develop an antimicrobial ground meat wrapping nanopaper. The postbiotics incorporated BNC (P-BNC) films were optimized by response surface methodology and their antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes were examined. The BNC with postbiotics at 21.21% concentration and 28 min impregnation time was chosen as an optimized P-BNC film. The FTIR results confirmed the immobilization of postbiotics in BNC. The P-BNC film represented a significant reduction (~5 log cycles) in L.monocytogenes counts in ground meat at the end of the storage period (9 days at 4 °C). Meat wrapped by P-BNC film displayed a significant decrease in total mesophilic and psychrophiles count and TBA values than the controls. BNC can be considered as a proper carrier for development of antimicrobial film using postbiotics of LAB for food application. Sourdough is a very interesting natural preservation system to prolong mould free shelf-life of bread. Numerous studies have reported that the antifungal activity of sourdough is mainly correlated with the presence of lactic (LA) and acetic acid (AA), but very few information is available on the effect of undissociated acid concentrations in the aqueous phase of bread (CHA; mmole/L). This study was conducted to provide additional information about the mode of action of the acids in sourdough bread, enabling a better shelf-life prediction. This study was divided into two parts. In part 1, three industrial biological sourdoughs were characterized (dough yield, pH, aw, fermentation quotient, microbiota). During 7 weeks, a shelf-life test with natural flora was conducted with daily checks of visible mould growth (21 °C). In part 2, the effect of the acids present in the antifungal active sourdough breads was validated in chemically acidified wheat breads. Complete growth inhibition was observed in full-baked sourd moisture content. Foodborne illnesses affect the health of consumers worldwide, and thus searching for potential antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens is given an increased focus. This research evaluated the influence of sodium lactate (SL), encapsulated (e) and unencapsulated (u) polyphosphates (PP; sodium tripolyphosphate, STP; sodium acid pyrophosphate, SPP), and their combinations on Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157H7 and Staphylococcus aureus growth in cooked ground beef during 30 day storage at 4 or 10 °C. pH, water activity (aw), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and S.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html  Typhimurium, E. coli O157H7 and S. aureus counts were determined. S. Typhimurium was not found in SPP-SL combination groups after 30 day storage at 4 °C (P  less then 0.05). Lower S. Typhimurium levels were determined in only SL containing groups stored at 10 °C than group with only tested microorganism (MO, P  less then  0.05). Although there was no change in S. Typhimurium load in all SL incorporated groups during 10 °C storagnd control (P  less then  0.05). The lowest aw was generally obtained in all SL containing groups at both storage temperatures (P  less then  0.05). Lower ORP was determined in all PP incorporated groups during storage at both temperatures compared to others (P  less then  0.05). ORP in all treatments generally increased (P  less then  0.05) during storage at both storage temperatures. This study showed that encapsulation is not a factor affecting antimicrobial efficiency of PP and using PP-SL combinations have synergistic effect on reducing the viability of S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157H7 and S. aureus and their subsequent growth ability in cooked ground beef. V.Herein, we communicate our recent medicinal chemistry efforts which have culminated in a series of PI3Kδ/γ dual inhibitors structurally featuring a seven-membered spirocyclic spacer. Compound 26, the most potent one among them, exhibited superior PI3Kδ inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.0 nM) to that of the approved PI3Kδ inhibitor Idelalisib. Besides, it exerted remarkable anti-proliferative efficacy against human malignant B-cell line SU-DHL-6 with GI50 value of 33 nM. The biochemical assay against the other three class I PI3K isoforms identified compound 26 as a potent PI3Kδ/γ dual inhibitor with considerable selectivity over PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. In SU-DHL-6 cells, a dramatic down-regulation of PI3K signaling was observed following compound 26-treatment at the concentration as low as 10 nM. Inspiringly, the pharmacokinetic (PK) study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats revealed it was orally available with a favorable bioavailability (F = 87.5%). Overall, compound 26, a promising PI3Kδ/γ dual inhibitor, has the potential to emerge as a clinical candidate for the treatment of leukocyte-mediated malignancies after extensive functional investigation. OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporal bones, specifically of the cochlea and retro-cochlear pathway, is an important investigation in the diagnostic workup and management of congenital hearing loss. However, obtaining a diagnostic quality MRI scan depends upon the need for the infant to remain still for the duration of the scan. The Feed and Wrap (F + W) technique is a method that has been used successfully in infants for scans of other parts of the body, but has not been properly studied in MRI scans performed for hearing loss. The primary aim was to evaluate the diagnostic success rate of a newly introduced Feed and Wrap MRI scanning protocol used for assessment of sensorineural hearing loss in infants at Western Australia's Tertiary Paediatric hospital over the last three years. The secondary aims were to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this technique and to review the available published literature on this technique and compare it to our case series. METHODS All F + W MRI scans performed for the investigation of congenital hearing loss between 2016 and 2019 at the King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women and Perth Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.