This article describes two patients with renal lithiasis who received a megadose of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) and had a good outcome. The first case reports a 74-year-old man with a long-term history of renal lithiasis and about four episodes of renal crisis. He was treated once with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. He also had a history of dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Laboratory tests demonstrated 25(OH)D of 28 ng/mL (normal range (nr) >30 ng/mL), normal lipid levels, creatinine of 1.1 mg/dL, and homocysteine of 26.6 mcmol/L (nr 5-15 mcmol/L); parathyroid hormone (PTH) was high at 67.3 pg/mL (nr 10-65 pg/mL), serum total calcium was 8.6 mg/dL, 24-h urinary calcium was 139 mg/d (normal range 100-300 mg/d), and urinary sediment was normal. He received 50 000 IU per week of vitamin D for 3 mo, and 25(OH)D increased to 36.6 ng/mL. Urinary calcium was 142 mg/d, PTH was 46.7 pg/mL, and serum calcium was 9.6 mg/dL. No renal crisis was perceived. He asked for an alternative formthermore, this shows the safety of this strategy in patients without hypercalciuria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a megadose of vitamin D used in patients with nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, this shows the safety of this strategy in patients without hypercalciuria. Recently, many epidemiologic and animal studies have indicated that obesity has its origin in early stages of life, including the inappropriate balance of some nutrients. So the objectives of this study were to determine the risk of obesity in male offspring mice as a consequence of maternal vitamin D (VD) deficiency mediating the disordered immune response. C57BL/6J female mice 4 wk old were fed VD-deficient or normal reproductive diets during pregnancy and lactation. Their male offspring were given control and high-fat diets for 16 wk after weaning and then weighed and euthanized. The serum was collected for biochemical analyses. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oxythiamine-chloride-hydrochloride.html Epididymal (eWAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) were excised for histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, gene expression of inflammatory factors, and determination by flow cytometry of the proportions of immune cells. Insufficient maternal VD intake exacerbated the development of obesity in male offspring mice that were both obese and non-obese, as evidenced al VD deficiency might promote the development of obesity in male offspring mice partly by modulating the immune cell populations and causing a polarization in the adipose depots. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole grain consumption on the metabolic profiles of overweight or obese children. This was a randomized crossover clinical trial with 44 overweight or obese girls. After a 2-wk run-in period, girls were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group were asked to obtain 50% of their grain servings from whole grain foods each day for 6 wk. Those in the control group were asked not to consume any of these foods. A 4-wk washout period was applied following which participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after each phase of study. Mean (± SD) age and body mass index was 11.2 ± 1.49 y and 23.5 ± 2.5 kg/m , respectively. Mean whole grain intake in intervention and control groups throughout the study was 26.5 and 3.7 g/d, respectively (P=0.01). Whole grain consumption resulted in lower concentrations of plasma glucose (changes from baseline in intervention group -0.10 versus 0.21 mmol/L in control group, P=0.01), serum triacylglycerols (changes from baseline in intervention group -0.18 versus 0.08 mmol/L in control group, P=0.01) and higher concentrations of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (changes from baseline in intervention group 0.16 versus -0.14 mmol/L in control group, P=0.05) after 6 wk of intervention. No effects of whole grain intake on serum concentrations of total- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or on blood pressure were found. This study provided evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole grain foods on serum concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight children. This study provided evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole grain foods on serum concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight children.Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by a strong fear of weight gain and body image disorders and is classified as a mental illness that can cause direct damage to one's mental health and body. Many individuals with AN tend to commit suicide. Additionally, the disease can lead to chronic undernutrition and low body weight, adversely affecting each body system, exacerbating systemic medical complications, especially acute life-threatening complications. Therefore, AN has the highest mortality and disability rates among all mental diseases. There is a basic clinical need to identify and address the acute and critical complications of this disease as soon as possible. However, the current literature has a poor description of the acute and critical complications of AN and lacks a systematic review. We report a case of a patient with AN and severe hypokalemia, significant Q-T interval prolongation, stomach dilation, and intestinal obstruction who recovered after conservative treatment. The defecation method we used, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in the literature. We also briefly review the various acute and life-threatening complications of AN. Hand grip strength (HGS) is frequently used in clinical practice, resulting in a potential marker of nutritional status. This study aimed to develop reference values of HGS in Italian women with different categories of body mass index (BMI). Additionally, the main predictors of HGS were identified. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Italian women between ages 16 and 55 y with different categories of BMI at the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples Italy. The whole sample was divided into tertiles according to BMI 15 to 17.29 kg/m (T1), 17.3 to 19.9 kg/m (T2), and 20 to 25 kg/m (T3). Anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis, and muscle strength by an HGS test were evaluated. The cut-off values for HGS were developed for all participants and stratified by age group. Finally, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the main predictors of HGS. A total of 529 women with a mean age of 23.2 ± 7.0 y and an average BMI of 18.9 ± 2.5 kg/m were analyzed.