https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tpca-1.html The inner diameter of the cephalic vein 1 day post-operatively, the blood flow in the internal fistula, and the complications 6 months post-operatively in the study group were significantly superior to those of the control group (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In standard arteriovenous fistula, especially vascular catheter exploration of unhealthy vessels, the application of a ureteral catheter can improve the operative success rate and promote internal fistula maturity, with low cost and ease of use.BACKGROUND Epinephrine for anaphylactic shock is the standard life-saving treatment in the emergency department. Cardiac symptoms after epinephrine administration in a child with no prior cardiac history are often not suspected. We describe a presentation of diastolic cardiac dysfunction after anaphylaxis from a bee sting in an adolescent male. CASE REPORT A 16-year-old male with no prior history of allergy presented with anaphylaxis following a bee sting. The patient received an inadvertent intravenous rather than intramuscular dose of 1 1000 epinephrine, leading to myocardial ischemia. Diastolic dysfunction resulting from myocardial ischemia and fluid resuscitation led to development of pulmonary edema. The patient required epinephrine drip for hemodynamic support and BiPAP for respiratory support. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the risk of giving a rapid intravenous push of epinephrine, which converted an anaphylactic reaction to cardiogenic shock. Anaphylaxis-related coronary ischemia (Kounis) syndrome is another less likely etiology for our patient's presentation.Introduction Ultrasound is widely available, easy-to-use and less expensive than most other imaging methods. It is widely used as a non-invasive method to diagnose acute appendicitis; however, its efficiency still remains questionable, especially when compared to costlier and invasive methods such as computed tomography. Methods An exploratory review of past litera