We have performed theoretical calculations with 70 drugs that have been considered in 231 clinical trials as possible candidates to repurpose drugs for schizophrenia based on their interactions with the dopaminergic system. A hypothesis of shared pharmacophore features was formulated to support our calculations. To do so, we have used the crystal structure of the D2-like dopamine receptor in complex with risperidone, eticlopride, and nemonapride. Linagliptin, citalopram, flunarizine, sildenafil, minocycline, and duloxetine were the drugs that best fit with our model. Molecular docking calculations, molecular dynamics outcomes, blood-brain barrier penetration, and human intestinal absorption were studied and compared with the results. From the six drugs selected in the shared pharmacophore features input, flunarizine showed the best docking score with D2, D3, and D4 dopamine receptors and had high stability during molecular dynamics simulations. Flunarizine is a frequently used medication to treat migraines and vertigo. However, its antipsychotic properties have been previously hypothesized, particularly because of its possible ability to block the D2 dopamine receptors.The grape extract is a potential natural reducing agent because of its high phenolic content. The extracts of seeds, skin, and pulp of grape were prepared by digestion, grinding, and soxhlet methods and used for reducing graphene oxide (GO). The reduced GO made using the soxhlet extract of grape seed (GRGO) was hydrothermally treated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) for the synthesis of GRGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-vis, photoluminescence, and Raman spectra studies further confirmed the formation of GRGO and the GRGO-TiO2 hybrid. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope studies showed the decoration of spherical TiO2 particles ( 400 nm), GRGO-TiO2 showed ∼30% higher photo-oxidation of the bromophenol blue (BPB) dye than TiO2. Also, GRGO-TiO2 decreased the total organic carbon content of BPB from 92 to 18 ppm. Overall, the soxhlet extract of grape seed was found to be a cost-effective reducing agent for the preparation of GRGO, which is a suitable material to be used in supercapacitors and photocatalysis.This article describes a method for improving 1H NMR spectra of aqueous samples containing paramagnetic metals by precipitation of metal cations with a variety of counteranions. The addition of hydroxide, phosphate, carbonate, and arsenate to solutions of transition metals such as Fe2+ and Mn2+ can reduce line broadening and improve the ability of a spectrometer to lock on the signal of deuterium. The method is most effective under strongly alkaline conditions, and care must be taken to observe whether the organic substrates undergo side reactions or are themselves removed from solution upon addition of the precipitating salts. As a demonstration of the practical value of the method, we show that NMR spectroscopy can be used to monitor the transition-metal-mediated hydrolysis of glycylglycine (Gly2).Orthopaedic biomechanics and bioengineering is a founding discipline of biomedical engineering that focuses on the effects of mechanical stress and strain on musculoskeletal tissues during growth, function and repair. In the past decade the gut microbiome has emerged as a contributor to disease processes throughout the body, but only recently has been shown to influence orthopaedic biomechanics. Here I review emergent findings showing that the gut microbiome can regulate important aspects of the musculoskeletal system including growth and development; tissue failure and disease; and orthopaedic surgery. These early findings suggest that the microbiome may help answer questions in orthopaedic biomechanics that are not well addressed by current interventions, and highlights the promise of the emerging field of "Musculoskeletal Microbiology".Microbes thrive in diverse habitats. They often form ecological niches with rich species diversity and complex spatial structure. These communities drive biogeochemical cycles in the environment and modulate host health in the human body. Much has been learned about the makeup of human and environmental microbiota via metagenomic DNA sequencing, but information on spatial interactions between microbes and between microbes and their environment remains scarce. Here, we review recent advances in tools to map the biogeography of microbiomes. We discuss methods to spatially map microbial genes, transcripts, and metabolites. We also examine future directions for microbiome mapping technologies that will allow improved understanding of both microbiome structure and function.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/plx51107.html  Finally, we reflect on the impact of these methods in Biomedical Engineering.A mathematical model describing the dynamics of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is constructed and studied. The model assessed the role of denial on the spread of the pandemic in the world. Dynamic stability analyzes show that the equilibria, disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium point (EEP) of the model are globally asymptotically stable for R 0 1 , respectively. Again, the model is shown via numerical simulations to possess the backward bifurcation, where a stable DFE co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the control reproduction number, R 0 is less than unity and the rate of denial of COVID-19 is above its upper bound. We then apply the optimal control strategy for controlling the spread of the disease using the controllable variables such as COVID-19 prevention, hospitalization and maximum treatment efforts. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, we derive analytically the optimal controls of the model. The aforementioned control strategies are performed numerically in the presence of denial and without denial rate. Among such experiments, results without denial have shown to be more productive in ending the pandemic than others where the denial of the disease invalidates the effectiveness of the controls causing the disease to continue ravaging the globe.