Heating and ventilation air conditioning systems in hospitals (cleanroom HVAC systems) are used to control the transmission/spreading of airborne diseases such as COVID-19. Air exiting from these systems may contribute to the spreading of coronavirus droplets outside of hospitals. Some research studies indicate that the shortest time of survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol form (as droplets in the air) is four hours and the virus becomes inactive above 60 °C air temperature. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 droplets cannot exit from the exhaust duct if the temperature is above 60 °C. At the condenser, heat is dissipated in the form of hot air which could be utilized to warm the exhaust air. The objective of this paper is to establish a novel technique for eliminating SARS-CoV-2 from cleanroom HVAC systems using the recovered heat of exhaust air. This can eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and reduce the greenhouse effect.
  Renal ultrasound (US) is widely used for diagnosing renal pathologies, though few of them, such as obstructive uropathy, require emergent urological intervention. During on-call hours, when medical staff is limited, it is important to prioritize which renal US examinations will be done. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient risk factors to predict the necessity of emergent renal US in the emergency department (ED).
 
  All adult patients referred for renal US from the ED, during on-call hours from May 2015 to April 2017, were retrospectively included.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tasquinimod.html  The mean age was 64 years (18-98). Data were collected from the patients' medical records. Urological intervention performed within the first 24 h following the US examination was recorded. Multivariate analysis was performed.
 
  About 66% of the patients did not have a permanent urethral catheter, history of renal stones, or known abdominal or pelvic mass. None of these patients required an urgent urological intervention. The receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated at 0.883, 95% CI (0.84-0.92).
 
  Using only three variables, we can greatly reduce the number of renal US examinations done at on-call hours allowing for prioritization of only the necessary examinations.
 Using only three variables, we can greatly reduce the number of renal US examinations done at on-call hours allowing for prioritization of only the necessary examinations.
  Radiologists reading multiplanar abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) are vulnerable to oversight of specific anatomic areas, leading to perceptual errors (misses). The aims of this study are to identify common sites of major perceptual error at our institution and then to put these in context with earlier studies to produce a comprehensive overview.
 
  We reviewed our quality assurance database over an 8-year period for cases of major perceptual error on CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis. A major perceptual error was defined as a missed finding that had altered management in a way potentially detrimental to the patient. Record was made of patient age, gender, study indication, study priority (stat/routine), and use of IV and/or oral contrast. Anatomic locations were subdivided as lung bases, liver, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, mesentery, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, small bowel, colon, appendix, vasculature, body wall, and bones.
 
  A total of 216 missed findings were identified in 201 patients. The most common indication for the study was cancer follow-up (71%) followed by infection (11%) and abdominal pain (6%). The most common anatomic regions of error were the liver (15%), peritoneum (10%), body wall (9%), retroperitoneum (8%), and mesentery (6%). Data from other studies were reorganized into congruent categories for comparison.
 
  This study demonstrates that the most common sites of significant missed findings on multiplanar abdominal/pelvic CT included the mesentery, peritoneum, body wall, bowel, vasculature, and the liver in the arterial phase. Data from other similar studies were reorganized into congruent categories to provide a comprehensive overview.
 This study demonstrates that the most common sites of significant missed findings on multiplanar abdominal/pelvic CT included the mesentery, peritoneum, body wall, bowel, vasculature, and the liver in the arterial phase. Data from other similar studies were reorganized into congruent categories to provide a comprehensive overview.As the interest in image-guided medical interventions has increased, so too has the necessity for open-source software tools to provide the required capabilities without exorbitant costs. A common issue encountered in these procedures is the need to compare computed tomography (CT) data with X-ray data, for example, to compare pre-operative CT imaging with intraoperative X-rays. A software approach to solve this dilemma is the production of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) which computationally simulate an X-ray-type image from CT data. The resultant image can be easily compared to an X-ray image and can provide valuable clinical information, such as small anatomical changes that have occurred between the pre-operative and operative imaging (i.e., vertebral positioning). To provide an easy way for clinicians to make their own DRRs, we propose DRR generator, a customizable extension for the open-source medical imaging application three-dimensional (3D) Slicer. DRR generator provides rapid computation of DRRs through a highly customizable user interface. This extension provides end-users a free, open-source, and reliable way of generating DRRs. This program is integrated within 3D Slicer and thus can utilize its powerful imaging tools to provide a comprehensive segmentation and registration application for clinicians and researchers. DRR generator is available for download through 3D Slicer's in-app extension manager and requires no additional software.
  The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare facial flatness indices calculated from the trigonometric formula as opposed to those generated from the direct measurements on three-dimensional radiographs.
 
  A total of 322 cone-beam computed tomography radiographs were digitized and three facial indices (frontal, simotic, and zygomaxillary) were assessed in two different methods and compared between different groups.
 
  There was a discrepancy between facial flatness indices generated from the two different approaches. The highest difference was seen in the findings of the simotic index and the lowest for the zygomaxillary index. No statistically significant difference was displayed in the three formula-generated flatness indices between males and females and between growing and non-growing subjects (
  > 0.05). The zygomaxillary index was the only measurement revealing no statistically significant difference in Class III sagittal malocclusions (
  = -0.5 
  = 0.621). The orthodontic application would yield to the same interpretations for both ways of indices calculation.