Traditional vascular risk factors and HIV-related factors can contribute to higher prevalence of ischemic stroke (IS) among HIV-infected patients. Understanding the underlying mechanism of IS could lead to proper management and prognosis. We aimed to determine the prevalence of IS subtypes among HIV-infected patients who were hospitalized due to IS. Medical records of patients who were hospitalized at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between 2008 and 2019 due to first-ever IS with documented HIV infection were retrospectively analyzed. IS subtypes were classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Among 6,952 patients who were hospitalized due to IS, 50 [0.7% (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.0)] were HIV-infected patients and were included in the analysis. Common traditional stroke risk factors were dyslipidemia (62%), smoking (55.3%), hypertension (52%), and alcohol consumption (45%). The median (interquartile range) CD4 cell count was 294.5 (186-485) cells/mL and 74% were on antiretroviral therapy. The most common etiology of IS was small vessel occlusion (SVO) (48%), followed by stroke of undetermined etiology (UD) (26%), and stroke of other determined etiology (OD) (14%). Among patients with OD, 5 of 7 were from infectious-related cause. Virologically unsuppressed group had significantly higher proportion of OD (33.3% vs. 3.6%), UD (38.9% vs. 17.9%), and lower proportion of SVO (22.2% vs. 60.7%) based on TOAST classification compared with virologically suppressed group (p = .01). SVO was the most common cause of IS among HIV-infected patients and was more likely to occur among virologically suppressed group, suggesting that traditional vascular risk factors may play a larger role in developing IS. OD was more likely to occur among virologically unsuppressed group, most of which were infectious-related cause.
  The estimated glomerular filtration rate is a rather important measurement for patients under intensive care, since they often receive several drugs, and impaired renal function may result in misleading dosing. The estimated glomerular filtration is derived from mathematical models using serum creatinine, a measurement that suffers interference of some drugs, such as metamizole. This study intended to evaluate the impact on patient stratification for dose adjustment of two antimicrobials (meropenem and vancomycin) caused by metamizole interference in creatinine measurement by dry chemistry.
 
  A cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of 108 hospitalized patients under metamizole prescriptions at fixed intervals.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/atn-161.html  Serum creatinine concentrations were determined by enzymatic dry chemistry and Jaffé assays, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated through the CKD-EPI equation. Patients were stratified in groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate for drug dosing o cooperate to optimize pharmacotherapy.
  Retinol-binding protein4 (RBP) assays using polyclonal antibodies (pRBP) have major problems of non-linearity of dilution and a very small useable dynamic range. Our objective was to develop a specific assay with a wider dynamic range to detect tubular proteinuria.
 
  mRBP (monoclonal capture and second antibody with colorimetric detection) and fluoroimmunoassays for RBP (fRBP) (polyclonal capture and monoclonal second antibody with fluorescence detection) were developed and compared with pRBP. Four hundred and eighty-eight patient samples were collected; 290 samples were analysed by mRBP and 198 samples with fRBP and compared with pRBP.
 
  mRBP assay has the advantages of better linearity on dilution and wider analytical range over pRBP. It is limited by poor signal in the patients with albuminuria and glomerular proteinuria and inferior discrimination between patient groups. fRBP had an intra-assay and inter-assay CV of <6% and <8%, respectively, and analytical range was 2.3-599 
  g/L. fRBP was linear on dilution within the analytical range. Correlation (r) was 0.8722 (95% CI 0.7621 to 0.9333, 
  < 0.0001); Mann-Whitney test revealed no significant difference (U = 18,877, 
   = 198, 
   = 0.5244) asserting that the medians of the two samples were identical. Bland-Altman test between pRBP and fRBP showed a mean negative bias of 16.43 (CI -994 to 1027) 
  g/mmol.
 
  The combination assay with fluorescence detection (fRBP) proved more discriminatory than a purely monoclonal system especially in patients with significant proteinuria and has advantages of better linearity on dilution and wider analytical range than the existing pRBP assay and compared extremely well with pRBP.
 The combination assay with fluorescence detection (fRBP) proved more discriminatory than a purely monoclonal system especially in patients with significant proteinuria and has advantages of better linearity on dilution and wider analytical range than the existing pRBP assay and compared extremely well with pRBP.
  Natriuretic peptides have broad indications during heart failure and the detection of left ventricular dysfunction in high-risk patients. They can also be used for the diagnosis/management of other cardiac diseases. However, very little is known regarding their use in routine practice.
 
  We examined all biological tests performed from February 2010 to August 2015 in two districts from the French Brittany, covering 13,653 km
  and including 22,265 physicians. We report the settings and conditions of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurements (the only locally natriuretic peptide available).
 
  From a total of 3,606,432 tests requested in 557,650 adult (older than 20 years) patients, only 56,653 (1.6%) included at least one NT-proBNP measurement. NT-proBNP measurements gradually increased, from 9188 in 2011 to 12,938 in 2014 (
   < 0.001). Most NT-proBNP tests were measured in urban laboratories (72.7%) and in private (62.9%) non-hospital/clinics laboratories; they were mostly ordered by general practitioners (66% compared with 11% by cardiologists). The number of NT-proBNP measurements increased with age up to 80-90 years, and 70.3% of tests were measured in ≥75 years patients. Creatinine and electrolytes were not associated with NT-proBNP in 15.8% and 19.7% of tests, respectively.
 
  Among a very large cohort, we observed that natriuretic peptides remain largely undermeasured. NT-proBNP is mostly measured in elderly patients, and its interpretation may be hazardous in up to 16% of all individuals because no measurement of creatinine was associated to NT-proBNP.
 Among a very large cohort, we observed that natriuretic peptides remain largely undermeasured. NT-proBNP is mostly measured in elderly patients, and its interpretation may be hazardous in up to 16% of all individuals because no measurement of creatinine was associated to NT-proBNP.