https://www.selleckchem.com/products/at-406.html The most common site involved in panfacial fracture was the middle and lower third (58%). The common complication observed was malocclusion (n = 6). Of these, 5 patients had minor malocclusion that was corrected orthodontically and only one patient required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION The "bottom to top, lateral to medial' sequence for reduction and fixation of panfacial fractures is reliable with satisfactory results in term of function and cosmesis.BACKGROUND Both open cranial vault remodeling (CVR) and endoscopic suturectomy are effective in treating the anatomical deformity of craniosynostosis. While parents are increasingly knowledgeable about these 2 treatment options, information regarding the perioperative outcomes remains qualitative. This makes preoperative counseling regarding surgical choices difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in patients with craniosynostosis who underwent traditional CVR versus endoscopic suturectomy. METHODS Open and endoscopic craniosynostosis surgeries performed at our institution from January 2014 through December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and perioperative data, including operative time, estimated blood loss, transfusion rate and length of stay, was analyzed. A student t test was used with significance determined at P  less then  0.05. RESULTS CVR was performed for 51 children while 33 underwent endoscopic procedures. Endoscopic suturectomy was performed on younger patients (3.8 versus 14.0 months, P  less then  0.001), had shorter operative time (70 versus 232 minutes, P  less then  0.001), shorter total anesthesia time (175 versus 352 minutes, P  less then  0.001), lower estimated blood loss (10 versus 28 ml/kg, P  less then  0.001), lower percentage transfused (42% versus 98%, P  less then  0.001), lower transfusion volume (22 versus 48 ml/kg, P  less then  0.001), and shorter length of stay (1.8 versus 4.1 days, P  less then  0.001)