tonia (EU48695) and Karolinska Institute. Authors do not have any conflict of interest.
  We aimed to develop a gene expression-based prognostic signature for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma using clinical trial datasets representative of glioblastoma clinical trial populations.
 
  Samples were collected from newly diagnosed patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma in the ARTE, TAMIGA, EORTC 26101 (referred to as "ATE"), AVAglio, and GLARIUS trials, or treated at UCLA. Transcriptional profiling was achieved with the NanoString gene expression platform. To identify genes prognostic for overall survival (OS), we built an elastic net penalized Cox proportional hazards regression model using the discovery ATE dataset. For validation in independent datasets (AVAglio, GLARIUS, UCLA), we combined elastic net-selected genes into a robust z-score signature (ATE score) to overcome gene expression platform differences between discovery and validation cohorts.
 
  NanoString data were available from 512 patients in the ATE dataset. Elastic net identified a prognostic signature of 9 genes (CHEK1, GPR17, IGF2BP3, MGMT, MTHFD1L, PTRH2, SOX11, S100A9, and TFRC). Translating weighted elastic net scores to the ATE score conserved the prognostic value of the genes. The ATE score was prognostic for OS in the ATE dataset (P < 0.0001), as expected, and in the validation cohorts (AVAglio, P < 0.0001; GLARIUS, P = 0.02; UCLA, P = 0.004).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html  The ATE score remained prognostic following adjustment for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status and corticosteroid use at baseline. A positive correlation between ATE score and proneural/proliferative subtypes was observed in patients with MGMT non-methylated promoter status.
 
  The ATE score showed prognostic value and may enable clinical trial stratification for IDH wild-type glioblastoma.
 The ATE score showed prognostic value and may enable clinical trial stratification for IDH wild-type glioblastoma.
  We assessed a measles vaccination campaign's potential short-term adverse events.
 
  In a cluster-randomized trial assessing a measles vaccination campaign's effect on all-cause mortality and hospital admission among children aged 9-59 months in Guinea-Bissau, children received a measles vaccination (intervention) or a health check-up (control). One month to 2 months later, we visited a subgroup of children to ask mothers/guardians about outpatient consultations since enrollment. In log-binomial models, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of nonaccidental outpatient consultations.
 
  Among 8319 children (4437 intervention/3882 control), 652 nonaccidental outpatient consultations occurred (322 intervention/330 control). The measles vaccination campaign tended to reduce nonaccidental outpatient consultations by 16% (RR, 0.84 [95% confidence interval CI, .65-1.11]), especially if caused by respiratory symptoms (RR, 0.68 [95% CI, .42-1.11]). The reduction tended to be larger in children who prior to trial enrollment had a pentavalent vaccination (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b) as the most recent vaccination (RR, 0.61 [95% CI, .42-.89]) than in children who prior to trial enrollment had a routine measles vaccination as the most recent vaccination (RR, 0.93 [95% CI, .68-1.26]) (P = .04 for interaction).
 
  In the short term, a measles vaccination campaign seems not to increase nonaccidental outpatient consultations but may reduce them.
 
  NCT03460002.
 NCT03460002.
  Prior observational studies have suggested that fluoroquinolone use may be associated with more than 2-fold increased risk of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection (AA/AD). These studies, however, did not fully consider the role of coexisting infections and the risk of fluoroquinolones relative to other antibiotics.
 
  To estimate the risk of AA/AD associated with infections and to assess the comparative risk of AA/AD associated with fluoroquinolones vs other antibiotics with similar indication profiles among patients with the same types of infections.
 
  This nested case-control study identified 21 651 176 adult patients from a nationwide population-based health insurance claims database from January 1, 2009, to November 30, 2015. Each incident case of AA/AD was matched with 10 control individuals by age, sex, and follow-up duration in the database using risk-set sampling. Analysis of the data was conducted from April 2019 to March 2020.
 
  Infections and antibiotic use within a 60-day risk window before the otrum cephalosporins (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70-1.11) among patients with indicated infections. The null findings for fluoroquinolone use remained robust in different subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
 
  These results highlight the importance of accounting for coexisting infections while examining the safety of antibiotics using real-world data; the findings suggest that concerns about AA/AD risk should not deter fluoroquinolone use for patients with indicated infections.
 These results highlight the importance of accounting for coexisting infections while examining the safety of antibiotics using real-world data; the findings suggest that concerns about AA/AD risk should not deter fluoroquinolone use for patients with indicated infections.
  Evidence-based policy decision-making is a dominant paradigm in health but realizing this ideal has proven challenging.
 
  This paper conceptually maps health policy, policy studies and social science literature critically engaged with evidence and decision-making. No new data were generated or analysed in support of this review.
 
  Barriers to evidence-based policy have been documented, with efforts made to increase the uptake of evidence.
 
  Evident complexities have been regarded as a problem of translation. However, this assumes that policy-making is a process of authoritative choice, and that 'evidence' is inherently valuable policy knowledge, which has been critiqued.
 
  Alternative accounts urge consideration of how evidence comes to bear on decisions made within complex systems, and what counts as evidence.
 
  An 'evidence-making intervention' approach offers a framework for conceptualizing how evidence and interventions are made relationally in practices, thus working with the politics and contingencies of implementation and policy-making.