Broadcast digestate method did not affect the cumulative NH3 -N losses obtained with different CC types. After urea top-dressing at the V5-V6 stage of maize, the cumulative losses of NH3 (during 150 h) were 2.99 kg NH3 -N ha-1 with rye as previous CC and 2.49 kg NH3 -N ha-1 with mustard. Our study shows that digestate injection before maize planting and urea top-dressing application followed immediately by irrigation (15 mm) could be considered as useful strategies to mitigate NH3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency in maize.
  Given the known deleterious cardiac effects of brain death (BD) physiology, we hypothesized that time from cardiac donation referral to procurement (donor support time [DST]), would negatively impact cardiac transplant recipient survival.
 
  The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried from 2007 to 2018, identifying 22,593 donor hearts for analysis. Multivariate logistic models for 30-day and 1-year survival, as well as Cox models for overall survival and posttransplant rejection, were used to assess adjusted outcomes.
 
  median DST was 3 days (interquartile range 2-5 days). Ischemic time; distance between donor and recipient hospitals; and recipient age, creatinine, waitlist time, and length of stay were adjusted predictors of survival and rejection. DST was not associated with either outcome in aggregate; however, differential association by donor race was identified, with DST in any race recipient associated with 4% higher odds of 1-year mortality (p = .001; p value for interaction.005) but only a trend towards worse overall mortality (p = .064; p value for interaction.046).
 
  Thus, duration of exposure to BD physiology may have a differential impact on recipient outcomes based on donor race, suggesting that additional research is needed on donor immunologic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access factors that may impact cardiac transplant recipient outcomes.
 Thus, duration of exposure to BD physiology may have a differential impact on recipient outcomes based on donor race, suggesting that additional research is needed on donor immunologic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access factors that may impact cardiac transplant recipient outcomes.In sentences such as "Some dogs are mammals," the literal semantic meaning ("Some and possibly all dogs are mammals") conflicts with the pragmatic meaning ("Not all dogs are mammals," known as a scalar implicature). Prior work has shown that adults vary widely in the extent to which they adopt the semantic or pragmatic meaning of such utterances, yet the underlying reason for this variation is unknown. Drawing on theoretical models of scalar implicature derivation, we explore the hypothesis that the cognitive abilities of executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) contribute to this observed variation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html  In Experiment 1, we show that individuals with better ToM are more likely to compute a scalar implicature and adopt the pragmatic meaning of an utterance; however, EF makes no unique contribution to scalar implicature comprehension after accounting for ToM. In Experiment 2, we replicate this finding and assess whether it generalizes to the comprehension of other pragmatic phenomena such as indirect requests (e.g., "It's hot in here" uttered to ask for something to be done) and metaphor (e.g., "to harvest courage"). This is the first evidence that differences in ToM are associated with pragmatic competence in neurotypical adults across distinct pragmatic phenomena.
  Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) homologs are ethanol metabolites used to identify and monitor alcohol drinking in humans. In this study, we measured levels of the 2 most abundant homologs, PEth 160/181 and PEth 160/182, in whole blood samples from rhesus macaque monkeys that drank ethanol daily ad libitum to assess the relationship between PEth levels and recent ethanol exposure in this animal model.
 
  Blood samples were obtained from The Monkey Alcohol Tissue Research Resource. The monkeys were first induced to consume 4% (w/v) ethanol in water from a panel attached to their home cage. Then, monkeys were allowed to drink ethanol and water ad libitum 22h daily for 12months and the daily amount of ethanol each monkey consumed was measured. Whole, uncoagulated blood was collected from each animal at the end of the entire experimental procedure. PEth 160/181 and PEth 160/182 levels were analyzed by HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry, and the ethanol consumed during the preceding 14days was measured. Combined PEth w in rhesus macaque monkeys. This nonhuman primate model may prove useful in evaluating sources of variability previously shown to exist between ethanol consumption and PEth homolog levels among humans.
  Preeclampsia (PE) prediction has been shown to improve the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the PE prediction values of a series of serum biomarkers.
 
  The singleton pregnant women (20-36 gestational weeks) with PE-related clinical and/or laboratory presentations were recruited and had the blood drawn at their first visits. The following markers were tested with the collected serum samples soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), thrombomodulin (TM), tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (tPAI-C), complement factors C1q, B, H, glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), uric acid (UA), and cystatin C (Cysc).
 
  Of the 196 recruited subjects, 25% (n=49) developed preeclampsia before delivery, and 75% remained preeclampsia negative (n=147). The serum levels of sFlt-1, BUN, Cre, UA, Cysc, and PAPP-A2 were significantly elevated, and the PlGF level was significantly decreased in the preeclampsia-positive patients. In the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses, the area under the curves were listed in the order of decreasing values 0.73 (UA), 0.67 (sFlt-1/PlGF), 0.66 (Cysc), 0.65 (GlyFn/PlGF), 0.64 (PAPP-A2/PlGF), 0.63 (BUN), 0.63 (Cre), and 0.60 (PAPP-A2). The positive predictive values of these serum markers were between 33.1% and 58.5%, and the negative predictive values were between 80.9% and 89.5%.
 
  The serum markers investigated in current study showed better performance in ruling out than ruling in PE. Absence of pre-defined latency period between blood draw and the onset of PE limits the clinical utility of these markers.
 The serum markers investigated in current study showed better performance in ruling out than ruling in PE. Absence of pre-defined latency period between blood draw and the onset of PE limits the clinical utility of these markers.