The incidence of appendiceal cancer (AC) is rising, particularly among individuals younger than 50 years (early-onset AC), with unexplained etiologies. The unique spectrum of somatic cancer gene variations among patients with early-onset AC is largely undetermined. To characterize the frequency of somatic variations and genomic patterns among patients with early-onset (age <50 years) vs late-onset (age ≥50 years) AC. This cohort study included individuals aged 18 years and older diagnosed with pathologically verified AC. Cases with clinical-grade targeted sequencing data from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019, were identified from the international clinicogenomic data-sharing consortium American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE). Data analysis was conducted from May to September 2020. Age at disease onset. Somatic variation prevalence and spectrum in AC patients was determined. Variation comparisons between early-onset and late-onals harbored a distinct genomic landscape compared with AC diagnosed among older individuals. Development of therapeutic modalities that target these unique molecular features may yield clinical implications specifically for younger patients. To date, the risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs) after the first primary melanoma has not been studied in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To assess differences in the risk of SPCs in patients with primary melanoma before (2005-2010) and after (2011-2016) the introduction and approval of ICIs. Population-based cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from January 2005 to December 2016 of patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. Data were analyzed from January 4 to June 30, 2020. Receipt of immunotherapy or other anticancer agents. The primary outcome was the development of second primary cancers in patients with melanoma. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for the development of SPCs before and after the introduction of ICIs. Among 5016 patients with diagnosed metastatic melanoma, 2888 (58%) were younger than 65 years at the time of diagnosis, and 3441 (69%) were male. From 2005 to 2010, SIRs were 3.24 (95% CI, 0.In this study, an increase in the overall risk of second primary cancers after melanoma after the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors was observed. The pattern of SPCs has been altered in the era of systemic therapy. Close monitoring and screening for SPCs may be warranted in patients with metastatic melanoma. There are large randomized clinical trials-SOLO-1 (Olaparib Maintenance Monotherapy in Patients With BRCA Mutated Ovarian Cancer Following First Line Platinum Based Chemotherapy [December 2018]), PRIMA (A Study of Niraparib Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer Following Response on Front-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy [September 2019]), and PAOLA-1 (Platine, Avastin and Olaparib in 1st Line [December 2019])-reporting positive efficacy results for maintenance regimens for women with primary, advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. The findings resulted in approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of the treatments studied as of May 2020. However, there are pressing economic considerations given the many eligible patients and substantial associated costs. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of maintenance strategies for patients with (1) a BRCA variant, (2) homologous recombination deficiency without a BRCA variant, or (3) homologous recombination proficiency. In this economicecombination proficiency. The findings of this study suggest that, at current costs, maintenance therapy for primary ovarian cancer is not cost-effective, regardless of molecular signature. For certain therapies, lowering the drug price alone may not make them cost-effective. The findings of this study suggest that, at current costs, maintenance therapy for primary ovarian cancer is not cost-effective, regardless of molecular signature. For certain therapies, lowering the drug price alone may not make them cost-effective. Although primary debulking surgery (PDS) is often considered the criterion standard for treatment of stage IV endometrial cancer, PDS is associated with significant morbidity and poor survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been proposed as an alternative treatment strategy. To determine the use of and outcomes associated with NACT for women with stage IV endometrial cancer. This cohort study used the National Cancer Database to identify women with stage IV endometrial cancer treated from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015. The cohort was limited to women aged 70 years or younger with minimal comorbidity (comorbidity score = 0). Women were stratified based on receipt of NACT or PDS. A propensity score analysis with inverse probability weighting was performed to balance the clinical characteristics of the groups. Survival was examined using flexible parametric Royston-Parmer models to account for time-varying hazards associated with use of NACT. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performedreated with PDS are at increased risk of early death but have a more favorable long-term prognosis. In contrast, results suggest that women treated with NACT, particularly if they ultimately undergo surgery, may have superior survival in the short term. Based on these findings, NACT may be appropriate for select patients with advanced uterine serous carcinoma. Although overall rates of opioid use have been plateauing, coprescriptions of benzodiazepines and opioids have increased greatly in recent years. It is unknown whether this combination is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality as opposed to being more frequently used by persons with a baseline elevated risk of death. To evaluate whether benzodiazepine use, with or without opioid use, is associated with increased all-cause mortality relative to the use of low-risk antidepressants. This retrospective cohort study used a large, nationally representative US data set (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [NHANES]) from 1999 to 2015. Eight cycles of NHANES data were used, spanning 37 610 person-years of follow-up time among 5212 individuals. Statistical analysis was performed from August 24, 2019, through May 23, 2020. The primary exposure variable was benzodiazepine and opioid coprescriptions. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iso-1.html Individuals taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) served as an active comparator reference group.