Carbon nanotube yarn microelectrodes (CNTYMEs) are an alternative to carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) with interesting electrochemical properties because analyte is momentarily trapped in cavities between the CNTs. Here, we compare fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) detection of catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, at CNTYMEs, CFMEs, as well as cavity carbon nanopipette electrodes (CNPEs). At CFMEs, current decreases dramatically at high FSCV repetition frequencies. At CNTYMEs, current is almost independent of FSCV repetition frequency because the analytes are trapped in the crevices between CNTs, and thus the electrode acts like a thin-layer cell. At CFMEs, small cyclization product peaks are observed due to an intramolecular cyclization reaction to form leucocatecholamine, which is electroactive, and these peaks are largest for the secondary amine epinephrine.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/purmorphamine.html  At CNTYMEs, more of the leucocatecholamine cyclization product is detected for all catecholamines because of the enhanced trapping effects, particularly at higher repetition rates where the reaction occurs more frequently and more product is accumulated. For epinephrine, the secondary peaks have larger currents than the primary oxidation peaks at 100 Hz, and similar trends are observed with faster scan rates and 500 Hz repetition frequencies. Finally, we examined CNPEs, which also momentarily trap neurotransmitters. Similar to CNTYMEs, at CNPEs, catecholamines have robust cyclization peaks, particularly at high repetition rates. Thus, CNTYMEs and CNPEs have thin layer cell behavior that facilitates high temporal resolution measurements, but catecholamines CVs are complicated by cyclization reactions. However, those additional peaks could be useful in discriminating the analytes, particularly epinephrine and norepinephrine.Treatment for depression is complex, requiring decisions that may involve trade-offs between exploiting treatments with the highest expected value and experimenting with treatments with higher possible payoffs. Using patient claims data, we show that among skilled doctors, using a broader portfolio of drugs predicts better patient outcomes, except in cases where doctors' decisions violate loose professional guidelines. We introduce a behavioral model of decision making guided by our empirical observations. The model's novel feature is that the trade-off between exploitation and experimentation depends on the doctor's diagnostic skill. The model predicts that higher diagnostic skill leads to greater diversity in drug choice and better matching of drugs to patients even among doctors with the same initial beliefs regarding drug effectiveness. Consistent with the finding that guideline violations predict poorer patient outcomes, simulations of the model suggest that increasing the number of possible drug choices can lower performance.Progress in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has advanced from fundamental chemistry to engineering processes and applications, resulting in new industrial opportunities. The unique features of MOFs, such as their permanent porosity, high surface area, and structural flexibility, continue to draw industrial interest outside the traditional MOF field, both to solve existing challenges and to create new businesses. In this context, diverse research has been directed toward commercializing MOFs, but such studies have been performed according to a variety of individual goals. Therefore, there have been limited opportunities to share the challenges, goals, and findings with most of the MOF field. In this review, we examine the issues and demands for MOF commercialization and investigate recent advances in MOF process engineering and applications. Specifically, we discuss the criteria for MOF commercialization from the views of stability, producibility, regulations, and production cost. This review covers progress in the mass production and formation of MOFs along with future applications that are not currently well known but have high potential for new areas of MOF commercialization.Many organizations are curtailing or even abandoning performance management because of difficulties measuring performance and disruptions in performance-based pay due to the COVID-19 crisis. Contrary to this growing and troubling trend, we argue that it is especially important during the crisis to not only continue but also strengthen performance management to communicate a firm's strategic direction, collect valuable business data, provide critical feedback to individuals and workgroups, protect organizations from legal risks, and retain top talent. To do so, we offer a solution to overcome the challenges associated with measuring performance during a crisis. Specifically, we extend and expand upon the well-established Net Promoter Score measure in marketing and introduce the Performance Promoter Score (PPS) to measure performance. We offer evidence-based recommendations for collecting PPS information for individuals, workgroups, and other collectives, computing a Net Performance Promoter Score (NPPS); using multiple sources of performance data, and using PPS for administrative and developmental purposes as well as to provide more frequent performance check-ins. PPS is a convenient, practical, relevant, and useful performance measure during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is also an innovation that will be useful long after the pandemic is over.Despite the efforts of the global medical and scientific community, tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from infectious diseases. The expectation of success associated with the development of new anti-TB drugs was not justified, and the attention of researchers was largely drawn to the creation of new mycobacterial strains for vaccination against tuberculosis. The proposed review contains current information on the existing vaccine strains and the development of new, genetically engineered strains for the prevention of tuberculosis and the prevention and treatment of other diseases. The review includes relevant information on the correlation between BCG vaccination and the frequency and severity of COVID-19 infection.