Alloying selected layered transitional metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) with unique chain-like structures offers the opportunities for structural, optical, and electrical engineering thus expands the regime of this class of pseudo-one-dimensional materials. Here, the novel phase transition in anisotropic Nb(1- x ) Tix S3 alloys is demonstrated for the first time. Results show that Nb(1- x ) Tix S3 can be fully alloyed across the entire composition range from triclinic-phase NbS3 to monoclinic-phase TiS3 . Surprisingly, incorporation of a small concentration of Ti (x ≈ 0.05-0.18) into NbS3 host matrix is sufficient to induce triclinic to monoclinic transition. Theoretical studies suggest that Ti atoms effectively introduce hole doping, thus rapidly decreases the total energy of monoclinic phase and induces the phase transition.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/auranofin.html  When alloyed, crystalline and optical anisotropy are largely preserved as evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Further Raman measurements identify Raman modes to determine crystalline anisotropy direction and offer insights into the degree of anisotropy. Overall results introduce Nb(1- x ) Tix S3 as a new and easy phase change material and mark the first phase engineering in anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) trichalcogenide systems for their potential applications in two-dimensional superconductivity, electronics, photonics, and information technologies. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.PURPOSE To generate fully automated and fast 4D-flow MRI-based 3D segmentations of the aorta using deep learning for reproducible quantification of aortic flow, peak velocity, and dimensions. METHODS A total of 1018 subjects with aortic 4D-flow MRI (528 with bicuspid aortic valve, 376 with tricuspid aortic valve and aortic dilation, 114 healthy controls) comprised the data set. A convolutional neural network was trained to generate 3D aortic segmentations from 4D-flow data. Manual segmentations served as the ground truth (N = 499 training, N = 101 validation, N = 418 testing). Dice scores, Hausdorff distance, and average symmetrical surface distance were calculated to assess performance. Aortic flow, peak velocity, and lumen dimensions were quantified at the ascending, arch, and descending aorta and compared using Bland-Altman analysis. Interobserver variability of manual analysis was assessed on a subset of 40. RESULTS Convolutional neural network segmentation required 0.438 ± 0.355 seconds versus 630 ± 254 applications. © 2020 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.Blunted muscle hypertrophy and impaired regeneration with aging have been partly attributed to satellite cell (SC) dysfunction. However, true muscle regeneration has not yet been studied in elderly individuals. To investigate this, muscle injury was induced by 200 electrically stimulated (ES) eccentric contractions of the vastus lateralis (VL) of one leg in seven young (20-31 years) and 19 elderly men (60-73 years). This was followed by 13 weeks of resistance training (RT) for both legs to investigate the capacity for hypertrophy. Muscle biopsies were collected Pre- and Post-RT, and 9 days after ES, for immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Hypertrophy was assessed by MRI, DEXA, and immunohistochemistry. Overall, surprisingly comparable responses were observed between the young and elderly. Nine days after ES, Pax7+ SC number had doubled (P  less then  .05), alongside necrosis and substantial changes in expression of genes related to matrix, myogenesis, and innervation (P  less then  .05). Post-RT, VL cross-sectional area had increased in both legs (~15%, P  less then  .05) and SCs/type II fiber had increased ~2-4 times more with ES+RT vs RT alone (P  less then  .001). Together these novel findings demonstrate "youthful" regeneration and hypertrophy responses in human elderly muscle. Furthermore, boosting SC availability in healthy elderly men does not enhance the subsequent muscle hypertrophy response to RT. © 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Sustainability Electrocatalysis will play a key role in a proposed man-made, sustainable future. An energy infrastructure without using fossil fuels is a blue map. It can be a hydrogen-based energy system, involving the hydrogen production from solar-driven water electrolysis and the hydrogen fuel cell, or it can be a closed carbon cycle using carbon dioxide electrolysis techniques. Zero-carbon emission cannot be achieved without electrocatalysis. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Salts of the unprecedented tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)-alu-min-ate anion [Al(C2F5)4]- were obtained from AlCl3 and LiC2F5. They were isolated with different countercations and characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Degradation of the [Al(C2F5)4]- ion was found to proceed via 1,2-fluorine shifts and stepwise loss of CF(CF3) under formation of [(C2F5)4- n AlF n ]- (n = 1-4) as assessed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and supported by results of DFT calculations. In addition, the [(C2F5)AlF3]- ion was structurally characterized. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.PURPOSE Calibration of hyperpolarized 13 C-MRI is limited by the low signal from endogenous carbon-containing molecules and consequently requires 13 C-enriched external phantoms. This study investigated the feasibility of using either 23 Na-MRI or 1 H-MRI to calibrate the 13 C excitation. METHODS Commercial 13 C-coils were used to estimate the transmit gain and center frequency for 13 C and 23 Na resonances. Simulations of the transmit B1 profile of a Helmholtz loop were performed. Noise correlation was measured for both nuclei. A retrospective analysis of human data assessing the use of the 1 H resonance to predict [1-13 C]pyruvate center frequency was also performed. In vivo experiments were undertaken in the lower limbs of 6 pigs following injection of hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate. RESULTS The difference in center frequencies and transmit gain between tissue 23 Na and [1-13 C]pyruvate was reproducible, with a mean scale factor of 1.05179 ± 0.00001 and 10.4 ± 0.2 dB, respectively. Utilizing the 1 H water peak, it was possible to retrospectively predict the 13 C-pyruvate center frequency with a standard deviation of only 11 Hz sufficient for spectral-spatial excitation-based studies.