Plumbagin is a naturally-derived phytochemical which exhibits promising medicinal properties, including anticancer activities. In the present study, the anticancer potential of plumbagin has been demonstrated in lung cancer cells by targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Plumbagin showed impressive cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activities with IC50 3.10 ± 0.5 μM and 4.10 ± 0.5 μM in A549 and NCI-H522 cells, respectively. Plumbagin treatment significantly reduced the size of A549 tumor spheroids in a concentration-dependent manner. Plumbagin enhanced ROS production and arrested lung cancer cells in S and G2/M phase. Expression of antioxidant genes such as glutathione S-transferase P1 and superoxide dismutase-2 were found to be upregulated with plumbagin treatment in A549 cells. Plumbagin induced dissipation in mitochondrial membrane potential and affected the expression of intrinsic apoptotic pathway proteins. Increased expression of cytochrome c promotes the activation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax with decreased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Further, plumbagin activated the mitochondrial downstream pathway protein caspase-9 and caspase-3 leading to apoptosis of A549 cells. Collectively, plumbagin could be a promising future phytotherapeutic candidate for lung cancer treatment via targeting intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and ROS.BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases in pigs are the main health concerns for swine producers. Similar to the diseases in human and other animals, respiratory diseases are primary related to morbidity and are the result of infection with bacteria, viruses, or both. B. bronchiseptica causes serious respiratory diseases in the swine airway track.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc6036.html  However, the B. bronchiseptica-specific bacteriophage has diverse advantages such as decreasing antibiotic overuse and possible therapeutic potential against bacteria. OBJECTIVE The objects of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effect of specific B. bronchiseptica bacteriophages and to identify genes related to bacteriophage signaling utilizing RNA microarrays in swine nasal turbinate cells. METHODS Bor-BRP-1 phages were applied 24 h prior to B.bronchiseptica infection (1 × 107 cfu/ml) at several concentrations of bacterial infection. Cells were incubated to detect cytokines and 24 h to detect mucin production. And real-time quantitative PCR was performed to examine related genes expression. To determine the change of total gene expression based on B.bronchiseptica and Bor-BRP-1 treatment, we performed RNA sequencing experiments. RESULTS The results showed that B. bronchiseptica induced increased expression of several inflammatory genes such as IL-1β, IL-6, and Muc1 in a dose-dependent manner. However, Bor-BRP-1 induced reduction of gene expression compared to the B. bronchiseptica induction group. In addition, microarrays detected Bor-BRP-1-altered inflammatory gene expression against B. bronchiseptica, reducing B. bronchiseptica-induced airway inflammation in swine epithelial cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the specific bacteriophage has a therapeutic potential to defend against B. bronchiseptica infection by altering inflammatory gene expression profiles.In sensorimotor adaptation paradigms, participants learn to adjust their behavior in response to an external perturbation. Locomotor adaptation and reaching adaptation depend on the cerebellum and are accompanied by changes in functional connectivity in cortico-cerebellar circuits. In order to gain a better understanding of the particular cerebellar projections involved in locomotor adaptation, we assessed the contribution of specific white matter pathways to the magnitude of locomotor adaptation and to long-term motor adaptation effects (recall and relearning). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with deterministic tractography was used to delineate the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles (ICP, SCP) and the corticospinal tract (CST). Correlations were calculated to assess the association between the diffusivity values along the tracts and behavioral measures of locomotor adaptation. The results point to a significant correlation between the magnitude of adaptation and diffusivity values in the left ICP. Specifically, a higher magnitude of adaptation was associated with higher mean diffusivity and with lower anisotropy values in the left ICP, but not in other pathways. Post hoc analysis revealed that the effect stems from radial, not axial, diffusivity. The magnitude of adaptation was further associated with the degree of ICP lateralization, such that greater adaptation magnitude was correlated with increased rightward asymmetry of the ICP. Our findings suggest that the magnitude of locomotor adaptation depends on afferent signals to the cerebellum, transmitted via the ICP, and point to the contribution of error detection to locomotor adaptation rate.INTRODUCTION Voretigene neparvovec (VN) is a gene therapy and the first approved pharmacological treatment for biallelic RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD), a rare condition that starts in early life and causes vision to progressively deteriorate towards complete blindness. In a phase III trial, treatment with VN significantly improved functional vision and visual function, and in October 2019 the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Highly Specialised Technologies (HST) process recommended VN for patients in England and Wales. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of VN compared with best supportive care (BSC) in individuals with biallelic RPE65-mediated IRD in the UK. METHODS A Markov model was developed to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for VN compared with BSC, from the perspective of the UK National Health Service and Personal Social Services. Phase III trial data were used to inform transition probabilities up to year 1, after PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by increased erythrocyte count, thrombotic potential, and transformation to myelofibrosis. Older patients and those who have a history of thrombosis require cytoreductive therapy, most commonly with hydroxyurea. Other currently available therapies include pegylated interferon alfa-2a and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. However, there are limitations to these agents, including potential detrimental adverse effects. In this review, we will describe current therapeutic options for the treatment of PV and then detail new agents with available clinical trial data. RECENT FINDINGS A number of novel investigational therapies including MDM2 inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and long-acting pegylated interferon alfa-2b are in various stages of clinical development with encouraging efficacy data. The therapeutic landscape for patients with PV is expanding. Novel agents are in development that not only reduce the thrombotic potential but also act directly on the malignant PV clone with the intention of significantly modifying disease progression.