No head-to-head trials have directly compared once-weekly (OW) semaglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, with empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We indirectly compared the efficacy of OW semaglutide 1 mg vs once-daily (OD) empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy, using individual patient data (IPD) and meta-regression methodology. IPD for patients with T2D receiving metformin monotherapy and randomized to OW semaglutide 1 mg (SUSTAIN 2, 3, 8 trials), or to OD empagliflozin 25 mg (PIONEER 2 trial) were included. Meta-regression analyses were adjusted for potential prognostic factors and effect modifiers. The primary efficacy outcomes were change from baseline to end-of-treatment (~1 year) in HbA1c (%-point) and body weight (kg). Responder outcomes and other clinically relevant efficacy measures were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar between OW semaglutide (n = 995) and empagliflozin (n = 410). Our analyses showed that OW semaglutide significantly reduced mean HbA1c and body weight vs empagliflozin (estimated treatment difference -0.61%-point [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.72; -0.49] and -1.65 kg [95% CI -2.22; -1.08], respectively; both P < 0.0001). Complementary analyses supported the robustness of these results. A significantly greater proportion of patients on OW semaglutide vs empagliflozin also achieved HbA1c targets and weight-loss responses. This indirect comparison suggests that OW semaglutide 1 mg provides superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight vs OD empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D when added to metformin monotherapy. This indirect comparison suggests that OW semaglutide 1 mg provides superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight vs OD empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D when added to metformin monotherapy. Nephrolithiasis (NL) and primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) are metabolic complications of Paget disease of bone (PDB), but recent data regarding their prevalence in PDB patients are lacking. Study 1 To compare the prevalence of primary HPTH and NL in 708 patients with PDB and in 1803 controls. Study 2 To evaluate the prevalence of NL-metabolic risk factors in 97 patients with PDB and NL, 219 PDB patients without NL, 364 NL patients without PDB, and 219 controls, all of them without HPTH. Cross-sectional multicentric study. Italian referral centers for metabolic bone disorders. Patients with PDB from the Associazione Italiana malati di osteodistrofia di Paget registry. Participants in the Olivetti Heart and the Siena Osteoporosis studies. HPTH; NL; NL-metabolic risk factors. Patients with PDB showed higher prevalence of primary HPTH and NL compared with controls (P < 0.01). The NL recurrence occurs more frequently in patients with polyostotic PDB. About one-half of patients with PDB but without NL showed 1 or more NL-related metabolic risk factors. The hyperoxaluria (HyperOx) prevalence was higher in patients with PDB and NL compared with patients with NL but without PDB and in patients with PDB without NL compared with controls (P = 0.01). Patients with PDB and HyperOx showed a longer lapse of time from the last aminobisphosphonate treatment. NL and HPTH are frequent metabolic complication of PDB. The NL occurrence should be evaluated in patients with PDB, particularly in those with polyostotic disease and/or after aminobisphosphonate treatment to apply an adequate prevention strategy. NL and HPTH are frequent metabolic complication of PDB. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bmh-21.html The NL occurrence should be evaluated in patients with PDB, particularly in those with polyostotic disease and/or after aminobisphosphonate treatment to apply an adequate prevention strategy. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence is high, especially in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and is expected to rise steeply in the coming decades. We estimated NAFLD prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes and explored associated characteristics and outcomes. We reviewed PubMed and Embase for studies on NAFLD and type 1 diabetes to March 2020. We screened references of included articles. Two authors independently screened titles/abstracts. One author screened full text articles. NAFLD was defined as described in the individual studies steatosis and/or fibrosis. Studies not reporting alternative causes of hepatic steatosis or defining NAFLD only as elevated liver enzymes, were excluded. Initially, 919 articles met the selection criteria. One researcher performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment using standardized tables. We assessed pooled prevalence rates by meta-analysis using a random-effects model, subsequently exploring heterogeneity by subgroup-, meta-ributing mechanisms and outcomes.Airways of immunocompromised patients, or individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), are common ground for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus infections. Hence, in such a microenvironment both pathogens compete for resources. While under limiting iron conditions the siderophore pyoverdine is the most effective antifungal P. aeruginosa product, we now provide evidence that under nonlimiting iron conditions P. aeruginosa supernatants lack pyoverdine but still possess considerable antifungal activity. Spectrometric analyses of P. aeruginosa supernatants revealed the presence of phenazines, such as pyocyanin, only under nonlimiting iron conditions. Supernatants of quorum sensing mutants of strain PA14, defective in phenazine production, as well as supernatants of the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, lacked pyocyanin, and were less inhibitory toward A. fumigatus biofilms under nonlimiting iron conditions. When blood as a natural source of iron was present during P. aeruginosa supernatant production, pyoverdinetors. Pa inhibits Af via different factors, depending on the availability of iron from blood. Low iron favors the use of pyoverdine, high iron the use of the toxin pyocyanin.BACKGROUND Mendelson's syndrome consists of pulmonary aspiration of acidic gastric contents that results in acute lung injury (chemical pneumonitis). CASE REPORT We present the case of a 15-year-old girl who was admitted to the Emergency Department 1 h after ingestion of an organophosphate pesticide. The patient had abundant emesis of aqueous, transparent content, accompanied by drowsiness and moderate sialorrhea. We observed drooling and foaming at the mouth and tachycardia, and her oxygen saturation dropped to 75%, requiring immediate invasive ventilation. Computed tomography (CT) revealed opacities in both lung bases, while bronchoscopy evidenced burn lesions along the airway. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and microbiological results were negative. Following the BAL, the patient showed a satisfactory evolution and full recovery. CONCLUSIONS This case report describes chemical pneumonitis due to pulmonary aspiration of sterile gastric contents following ingestion of a pesticide. We discuss the importance of timely diagnosis, the characteristic burn lesions found in bronchoscopy, and the role of bronchoalveolar lavage, which most likely allowed for a rapid recovery with favorable results.