The application of this coating is a facile approach to impart anti-droplet, hydrophobic, and self-cleaning characteristics to C-PU masks.Wild vertebrate populations all over the globe are in decline, with poaching being the second-most-important cause. The high poaching rate of rhinoceros may drive these species into extinction within the coming decades. Some stakeholders argue to lift the ban on international rhino horn trade to potentially benefit rhino conservation, as current interventions appear to be insufficient. We reviewed scientific and grey literature to scrutinize the validity of reasoning behind the potential benefit of legal horn trade for wild rhino populations. We identified four mechanisms through which legal trade would impact wild rhino populations, of which only the increased revenue for rhino farmers could potentially benefit rhino conservation. Conversely, the global demand for rhino horn is likely to increase to a level that cannot be met solely by legal supply. Moreover, corruption is omnipresent in countries along the trade routes, which has the potential to negatively affect rhino conservation. Finally, programmes aimed at reducing rhino horn demand will be counteracted through trade legalization by removing the stigma on consuming rhino horn. Combining these insights and comparing them with criteria for sustainable wildlife farming, we conclude that legalizing rhino horn trade will likely negatively impact the remaining wild rhino populations. To preserve rhino species, we suggest to prioritize reducing corruption within rhino horn trade, increasing the rhino population within well-protected 'safe havens' and implementing educational programmes and law enforcement targeted at rhino horn consumers.In this study, a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of yellow fever (YF) in a human-mosquito setting in the presence of control measures is constructed and rigorously analyzed. In addition to horizontal transmissions, vertical transmission within mosquito population is incorporated. Analysis of the mosquito-only component of the model shows that the reduced model has a mosquito-extinction equilibrium, which is globally-asymptotically stable whenever the basic offspring number ( N 0 ) is less than unity. The vaccinated and type reproduction numbers of the full-model are computed. Condition for global-asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium of the model when N 0 > 1 is presented. It is shown that, fractional dosing of YF vaccine does not meet YF vaccination requirements. Optimal control theory is applied to the model to characterize the controls parameters. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle and modified forward-backward sweep technique, the necessary conditions for existence of solutions to the optimal control problem is determined. Numerical simulations of the models to assess the effect of fractional vaccine dosing on the disease dynamics and global sensitivity analysis are presented.The discovery of laser-induced graphene (LIG) from polymers in 2014 has aroused much attention in recent years. A broad range of applications, including batteries, catalysis, sterilization, and separation, have been explored. The advantages of LIG technology over conventional graphene synthesis methods are conspicuous, which include designable patterning, environmental friendliness, tunable compositions, and controllable morphologies. In addition, LIG possesses high porosity, great flexibility, and mechanical robustness, and excellent electric and thermal conductivity. The patternable and printable manufacturing process and the advantageous properties of LIG illuminate a new pathway for developing miniaturized graphene devices.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0980-RG7422.html  Its use in sensing applications has grown swiftly from a single detection component to an integrated smart detection system. In this minireview, we start with the introduction of synthetic efforts related to the fabrication of LIG sensors. Then, we highlight the achievement of LIG sensors for the detection of a diversity of stimuli with a focus on the design principle and working mechanism. Future development of the techniques toward in situ and smart detection of multiple stimuli in widespread applications will be discussed.The partial shutdown of the economy following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of measurements of economic activity that are available with a short lag and at high frequency. The consumption of electricity turns out to be a valuable proxy, if it is corrected for influences from calendar and weather. Indeed, this proxy suggests that we are currently facing one of the deepest recessions ever.Because macroeconomic data is published with a substantial delay, assessing the health of the economy during the rapidly evolving COVID-19 crisis is challenging. We develop a fever curve for the Swiss economy using publicly available daily financial market and news data. The indicator can be computed with a delay of 1 day. Moreover, it is highly correlated with macroeconomic data and survey indicators of Swiss economic activity. Therefore, it provides timely and reliable warning signals if the health of the economy takes a turn for the worse.The deformations of isotropic and anisotropic Ti-6Al-4V columnar structures fabricated by additive manufacturing were extensively examined. The distinct texture and microstructure distributions were characterised. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements show different lattice activities resulting from the different microstructure distributions. Spatially resolved mapping revealed manufacturing-induced crystallite-orientation distributions that determine the deformation mechanisms. We propose a self-consistent model to correlate the multi-scale characteristics, from the anisotropic-texture-distribution microstructure to the bulk mechanical properties. We determined that basal and pyramidal slip activities were activated by tension deformation. The underlying additive-manufacturing-induced crystal plasticity plays a major role. We find that the texture development of the columnar structures and the distribution of crystallite orientation achieved by different processing conditions during additive manufacturing have important effects on the mechanical properties.