Assessment of residual activity is critical for quality assurance after yttrium-90 radioembolization. The resin microsphere manufacturer's indirect method of estimating the residual activity is laborious and vulnerable to inaccuracies. Furthermore, their method cannot localize the exact site of residual activity. Yttrium-90 PET/CT for qualitative and quantitative assessment of residual activity has not been described.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/paeoniflorin.html  We show an example of yttrium-90 PET/CT of residual activity in the delivery apparatus and catheters packed inside the delivery box. Focally intense residual activity was clearly localized to the stopcock junction. Residual activity was directly quantified by setting the PET volume-of-interest isocontour threshold to 1%.Methods The aim of the current article is image quality improvement and a teaching tool on 123I Ioflupane SPECT (DaTscan). The imaging uses the radiopharmaceutical 123I Ioflupane (123I-FP-CIT) to visualize the nigrostriatal pathway. Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes are movement disorders that exhibit nigrostriatal degeneration, with a decreased Dopamine transporter level in the pathway and thus a decreased 123I Ioflupane distribution. Other non-Parkinson's movement disorders, such as essential tremor, will have intact dopaminergic neurons and exhibit a normal distribution of the radiopharmaceutical throughout the striata. Parkinson's disorders are usually diagnosed clinically. However, DaTscan (GE Healthcare) can be a valuable tool when the clinical features are not sufficiently clear. Results DaTscan image interpretation is not always straightforward. Many pitfalls, including biological factors, technical factors, medications, and various other factors, including age, race, ethnicity, body habitus, can make the interpretation challenging. Conclusion The technologist and nuclear radiologist must identify the expected imaging findings to avoid the most common mistakes related to artifacts. Our main goal is to improve image quality by reviewing the most common pitfalls and artifacts of DaTscan that can compromise an accurate diagnosis and lead to misinterpretation.Introduction PET/CT combines the molecular with the anatomical level which, with the administration of a hypoxia-sensitive radiopharmaceutical, allows the evaluation of tissue oxygenation. Materials and Methods The work consists of a systematic literature review, including electronic addresses, books and articles dated from July 1997 to December 2019. The aim of this work is to identify the best suited PET radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of cell hypoxia and recognize the benefits for treatment planning with IMRT/VMAT techniques. Results Hypoxia affects the likelihood cure of head and neck tumors, thereby reducing the success rate. Radiopharmaceuticals such as 18F-FMISO, 18F-FETNIM and 18F-HX4 allow the delineation of hypoxic subvolumes within the target volume to optimize IMRT/VMAT treatment. Discussion The identification of hypoxia areas with PET/CT imaging and subsequent treatment with IMRT/VMAT allows a possible radiation dose escalation in radioresistant subvolumes. Conclusion There is a decrease in relapses and an increased likelihood of disease-free survival.Pelvic lymphatic leak and lower extremity lymphedema are well-known complications of pelvic surgery and/or radiation therapy. We report a cervical carcinoma patient status post hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy who developed concomitant left lower extremity lymphedema and pelvic lymphatic leak identified on lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT.Objective The aim of this study was to optimize of the number of iterations in bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using a novel thoracic spine phantom (ISMM phantom). Methods The quality and quantitative accuracy of bone SPECT images were evaluated by changing the number of iterations and the size of the hot spot in the phantom. The phantom image was reconstructed using the order subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm with Computed tomography-based attenuation correction, scatter correction, and resolution recovery; the number of OSEM subsets was fixed at 10, with iterations ranging from 1 to 40. Full width at half maximum (FWHM), percent coefficient of variation (%CV), contrast ratio for the sphere and background (contrast) and recovery coefficient (RC) were evaluated as a function of the number of iterations for a given number of subsets (10) using the reconstructed images. In addition, the maximum, peak, and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVpeak, and SUVmean) were calculated with various numbers of the iterations for each sphere (13, 17, 22, and 28 mm) simulating a tumor. Results FWHM decreased with an increasing number of iterations and converged uniformly when the number of iterations was over 10. %CV increased with an increasing number of iterations. RC was decreased with a decreasing size of sphere. Contrast and all SUVs increased with an increasing number of iterations and converged uniformly when the number of iterations was over 5 and 10 in all sphere sizes, respectively. The SUVmean with 10 iterations was 55.9, 26.6, 14.9, and 9.9 at 28 mm, 22 mm, 17 mm, and 13 mm, respectively. The relative error in the converged values for SUVmax, SUVpeak, and SUVmean were 43.8%, 27.3%, and 7.2% of the true value (52.2); all the SUVs were overestimated. Conclusion Using a thoracic spine phantom to evaluate the optimal reconstruction parameter in bone SPECT imaging, the optimal number of iterations for a given number of subsets (10) was determined to be 10.Soft-tissue attenuation of γ-photons is the most common source of artifacts and remains an intricate problem for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by SPECT. Breast and subdiaphragmatic artifacts are the most frequent cause of false-positive findings in women. Many methods of overcoming attenuation artifacts have been introduced, including prone positioning to avoid breast attenuation or use of hybrid SPECT/CT systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of prone images in attenuation correction (AC) when CT AC is compared with MPI. Methods Forty-four patients were initially included in the study. Statistical analysis was done for 30 patients with suspected or confirmed ischemic heart disease. All patients underwent ordinary supine stress/rest SPECT MPI followed by additional stress/rest prone SPECT and stress/rest SPECT/CT. Each study was interpreted separately, and their results were compared. Results It was found that 58% (31/53) of the depicted defects were attributable to attenuation artifacts; the CT AC imaging technique was able to correct 52%, versus 49% for prone imaging.