Anxiety disorder is known as the most common disease among psychiatric disorders. However, many studies have not been conducted in the Korean medicine area. This study explores the current state of anxiety disorder treatments of Korean medicine through a survey research. The survey for Korean medicine doctors (KMDs) on Korean medicine (KM) diagnosis and treatments for anxiety disorder was conducted online from December 21, 2016, to December 29, 2016. The results were divided into two groups, KMDs and Korean medicine neuropsychiatric specialists (KMNPS), and comparatively analyzed. Self-evaluation and counseling were the most common in both diagnostic methods and evaluation of treatment effects, and KMNPS tended to make extensive use of objective indicators. There was no difference in the rate of psychiatric medication use among the patients between KMD and KMNPS. The main reason for patients wanting KM treatment was the tapering cessation of psychiatric medications. The most common treatments were acupuncture, herbal medicine, and moxibustion, in addition to dry cupping in KMD and psychotherapy in KMNPS.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ki696.html  The most important factor for treatment was herbal medicine treatment, followed by rapport formation in KMD and patient's temperament in KMNPS. Opinions on various items were presented as treatment barriers, and KMNPS tended to think more importantly about the patient's family problems. For the items to be additionally trained in the future, KMD chose the diagnostic tools and KMNPS chose psychotherapies. This study is the first study to analyze the clinical patterns for anxiety disorder in KMDs. KMD and KMNPS showed similar patterns in the perception, diagnosis, and treatment of anxiety disorders, but KMNPS tended to use objective indicators and psychotherapy more actively. Further clinical studies for the development of clinical guidelines should be additionally required.
  Retinal ischemia is a medical condition associated with numerous retinal vascular disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. This in vitro cell and in vivo animal study investigated not only the protective effect of S-allyl L-cysteine (SAC, an active component of garlic) against retinal ischemia but also its associated protective mechanisms.
 
  Retinal ischemia was mimicked by raising the intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 1 hour in one eye. The effects of pre-/postischemic administration of vehicle vs. SAC 0.18 mg vs. SAC 0.018 mg vs. SAC 0.0018 mg treatments on retina cells were evaluated through cellular viability (MTT assay), flash electroretinograms (ERGs), and fluorogold retrograde labelling (retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counting). Also, protein immunoblot was utilized to assess the role of Wnt, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1
  , and vascular endothelium factor (VEGF) in the proposed anti-ischemic mechanism. Lastly, the safety of drug consumption was inveacting the ischemia-induced overexpression of Wnt/HIF-1
  /VEGF might presently explain SAC's anti-ischemic mechanism.
 This study shows that preischemic administration of low SAC dosage has been proved to be safe and most effective against rat retinal ischemia electrophysiologically and/or histopathologically. Moreover, counteracting the ischemia-induced overexpression of Wnt/HIF-1α/VEGF might presently explain SAC's anti-ischemic mechanism.Background. Ischemic stroke (IS) seriously impacts the quality of life of survivors. Chinese medicine (CM) has been developed for more than 2000 years and plays a key role in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Many Chinese medicine clinical trials have been conducted; however, the heterogeneity of outcome measurements and reporting limits implications of the findings in clinical practice and health policy development. Therefore, it is important to develop a core outcome set (COS) that should be used and reported in trials for ischemic stroke treated by Chinese medicine. This protocol describes the process of developing the IS-CM-COS. Methods and Analysis. The development of the COS will involve the following four steps (1) A list of outcomes reported in the registered and published Chinese medicine trials of ischemic stroke will be extracted by conducting a systematic literature review. (2) An additional outcome list will be collected by semistructured interview to patients with ischemic stroke. (3) A two-round Delphi survey will be performed to prioritize and condense the outcomes. (4) In the consensus meeting, a final recommended COS will be developed. Discussion. The COS could improve the reliability and consistency of outcome reporting. We hope that this IS-CM-COS will be used in the future Chinese medicine trials for the treatment of ischemic stroke and improve research quality. Trial Registration. This study was registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative (http//www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/1282).
  To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of action of resina draconis (RD) on acute liver injury and liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice.
 
  2/3 PH was used to induce acute liver injury. Mice were divided into three groups sham, vehicle + 2/3 PH, and RD + 2/3 PH. Resina draconis was administered intragastrically after 2/3 PH into the RD + 2/3 PH group, and the same volume of vehicle (1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) was injected into the vehicle + 2/3 PH group and sham group mice. The index of liver to body weight (ILBW) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were assayed to evaluate liver regeneration. Blood and liver tissues were collected for serological and western blotting analysis.
 
  Resina draconis protected against 2/3 PH-induced acute severe liver injury and promoted liver regeneration as shown by significantly increased ILBW compared with that of controls. 2/3 PH increased serum AST and ALT levels, which were significantly decreased by RD treatment, while 2/3 PH decreased serum TP and ALB, which were increased by RD treatment. In the RD + 2/3 PH group, PCNA expression was significantly increased compared with the 2/3 PH group. Further, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), TNF
  , and EGFR levels were increased in the RD group at postoperative days 2 and 4 compared with the those in the 2/3 PH group.
 
  Our results suggest that RD ameliorates acute hepatic injury and promotes liver cell proliferation, liver weight restoration, and liver function after 2/3 PH, probably via HGF, TNF
  , and EGFR signaling.
 Our results suggest that RD ameliorates acute hepatic injury and promotes liver cell proliferation, liver weight restoration, and liver function after 2/3 PH, probably via HGF, TNFα, and EGFR signaling.