Researchers are trying to tackle water scarcity in numerous ways. One of those ways is the use of nanotechnology in water processing and purification. The current work involves the fabrication and optimization of activated carbon and graphene-based hybrid water purification system. Five different concentrations of methylene blue and deionized water (DI) dye solutions were used, and they were filtered in three different cycles. For the potential usage on the consumer side, a small-scale, low-cost water filter is developed using activated carbon, commercial filter paper, and graphene nanoplatelets.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mptp-hydrochloride.html  The filter paper is used to hold mixtures of the activated carbon and graphene nanoplatelets within the water filter. The conductivity, TDS, and pH are measured for the feed water and the processed water using an Oakton EcoTestr and Apera Instruments PH60 Premium Pocket pH meter, respectively. A UV-Vis spectrometer is used to measure the absorption of solutions. The distribution and adsorption of the dye particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy. PRACTITIONER POINTS These results show the effectiveness of the system in the removal of dye particles above a given particle size. The concentration of the dye solution decreased after every cycle. The GnPs filtration system more effectively dye particles as compared to the filtration system containing only Activated carbon. UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the methylene blue dye particles decreased after every cycle. This research can open a broad area of projects toward waste/wastewater practice for particles above a certain particle size.
  This study explores online e-cigarette retailer marketing in the absence of regulations.
 
  New Zealand-based online e-cigarette retailer websites were identified using a keyword search. Ten New Zealand-based retailer websites were selected based on top results from Google. The four leading tobacco companies operating in New Zealand were also included. A content analysis of the online marketplace was performed.
 
  Price was variable, with disposable devices sold from as little as $9.99 (NZD). Online e-cigarette retailers frequently presented health (79%) and smoking cessation (71%) messages. Nicotine addiction warnings were explicit in less than half of retailer sites (43%) and only 29% of retailers stated that the use of devices may pose health risks. Marketing techniques with potential youth appeal included sweet flavours (80%) and cartoon characters on e-liquid products (20%). Only one retailer had an age verification procedure to purchase a product.
 
  The findings suggest that online marketing is likely to appeal to young people despite industry assurances that e-cigarettes are only promoted to adult smokers who want to quit. Regulations for online retailers are urgently needed. SO WHAT? This study adds to the surveillance research on the online marketing of e-cigarette retailers. Study findings may help inform future decisions on the regulation of e-cigarette marketing in New Zealand.
 The findings suggest that online marketing is likely to appeal to young people despite industry assurances that e-cigarettes are only promoted to adult smokers who want to quit. Regulations for online retailers are urgently needed. SO WHAT? This study adds to the surveillance research on the online marketing of e-cigarette retailers. Study findings may help inform future decisions on the regulation of e-cigarette marketing in New Zealand.
  In the United States, some states and localities have added vaping restrictions to established smoke-free indoor air laws in order to reduce electronic cigarette use. Yet, if smokers use e-cigarettes to quit, such restrictions could have the unintended effect of attenuating the original smoke-free air policy's effects on smoking. This study estimated changes in current smoking, past-year smoking cessation, and recent vaping following the introduction of smoke- and vape-free air laws.
 
  Observational study of nationally representative data from the 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey.
 
  United States.
 
  87 334 participants, 18-54years of age.
 
  Multivariable linear regressions estimated the association between increased exposure to smoke- and vape-free worksite and restaurant laws and self-reported current smoking and recent vaping among emerging adults (ages 18-25), as well as past-12-month smoking cessation among prime age adults (ages 26-54). All regressions adjusted for respondent sociodemographicreductions in both current smoking and recent vaping, as well as increases in smoking cessation. Adding vaping restrictions to smoke-free worksite laws, however, was not associated with a reduction in recent vaping among emerging adults and may have attenuated the smoke-free policy's impact on current smoking in this age group.
 From 2014 to 2018, increased adoption of smoke-free worksite laws in the United States was associated with reductions in both current smoking and recent vaping, as well as increases in smoking cessation. Adding vaping restrictions to smoke-free worksite laws, however, was not associated with a reduction in recent vaping among emerging adults and may have attenuated the smoke-free policy's impact on current smoking in this age group.
  Ethical values underpin the health promotion discipline and profession, and competencies required for professional practice. Understanding how ethical values are translated into professional practice is critical. The aim of this exploratory sequential mixed methods study was to explore Australian health promotion stakeholder perspectives about ethical health promotion practice.
 
  A face-to-face group-based workshop (n=15), online survey (n=77) and in-depth individual interviews (n=15) collected qualitative and quantitative data from health promotion stakeholders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative and thematic analysis to analyse qualitative data.
 
  Tensions emerged regarding the nomenclature of ethical health promotion practice, with ethics framed largely by participants as related to formal approval for research. A range of barriers and enablers to ethical practice were identified. Barriers related to obtaining ethical approvals and working with specific population groups and communities.