https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wnt-c59-c59.html 05). This analysis revealed that HI bulls harbored a higher percentage of narrow-head sperm as opposed to the higher percentage of large- and round-headed sperm detected in LI. A further genomic characterization revealed 23 regions differentially affected by inbreeding in both groups, detecting six genes (SPAG6, ARMC3, PARK7, VAMP3, DYNLRB2, and PHF7) previously related to different spermatogenesis-associated processes.The Nile fox (Vulpes vulpes aegyptica) is the largest Egyptian fox being distributed in different geographical regions in Egypt. The current study aims to investigate the three-dimensional features of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTCs) in the Nile fox by using scanning electron microscopy. Five types of lingual papillae were present on the dorsal aspect of the tongue filiform, conical, fungiform, vallate, and foliate. Generally, the filiform papilla consisted of a main papilla and several accessory processes emerged from its basal part. Filiform papillae differed in their length, shape, and number of accessory processes according to the region of the tongue. Two types of filiform CTCs were present; either conical-shaped or consisted of a main core and several accessory cores. Two types of conical papillae and two types of conical CTCs were demonstrated; elongated triangular-shaped and large conical-shaped. In addition, two types of fungiform papillae were demonstrated; rounded-shaped and elongated fungiform papillae. The fungiform CTCs were thick columnar in shape with several parallel vertical folds. Six vallate papillae were present, they were surrounded by a groove and either conical papillae or an annular pad. The surface of the vallate CTCs and their surrounding pad had small protrusions. The foliate papillae were represented by 5-6 laminae separated by grooves. The foliate CTCs appeared as oval grooves limited by laminar projections. Regional variations of the filif