Moreover, when enacting proactive control, greater increases in neural activity underlying working memory updating were observed; links between working memory ability and proactive control strategy use were mediated by such neural activity. These results provide convergent evidence that the transition from reactive to proactive control may be dependent on age-related changes in neurocognitive indices of working memory and that working memory may influence adopting a proactive control strategy. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The use of gem -diborylalkenes as radical-reactive groups is explored for the first time. These reactions provide an efficient and general method for the photochemical conversion of gem -diborylalkenes to rapidly access 1,1-bisborylalkanes. This method exploits a novel photoredox decarboxylative radical addition to gem -diborylalkenes to afford α- gem diboryl carbon-centered radicals, which benefit from additional stability by virtue of an interaction with the empty p-orbitals on borons. The reaction offers a highly modular and regioselective approach to γ-amino gem -diborylalkanes. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations have provided insight into the radical mechanism underlying the photochemistry reaction and the stability of the bis-metalated radicals, respectively. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Metal organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets are a new type of two-dimensional (2D) materials with unique design principles and various synthesis methods. It is considered an ideal electrochemical device due to the ultrathin thickness, easily tunable molecular structure, large porosity and other unique properties. There are two common methods to synthesize 2D MOF/COF nanosheets bottom-up and top-down. The top-down strategy mainly includes ultrasonic assisted exfoliation , electrochemical exfoliation and mechanical exfoliation. Another strategy mainly includes interface synthesis, modulation synthesis, surfactant-assisted synthesis. In this review, the development of ultrathin 2D nanosheets in the field of electrochemistry ( supercapacitors, batteries, oxygen reduction, and hydrogen evolution) is introduced, and highlight their unique dimensional advantages. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) holds great promise in electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to its unique structure and intriguing properties. The intrinsic defects such as sulfur vacancies (SVs) of MoS 2 nanosheets are found to be detrimental to the device efficiency. To mitigate this problem, functionalization of 2D MoS 2 using thiols has emerged as one of the key strategies for engineering defects. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to controllably engineer the SVs of chemically-exfoliated MoS 2 nanosheets using a series of substituted thiophenols in solution. The degree of functionalization can be tuned by varying the electron withdrawing strength of substituents in thiophenols. We find that the intensity of 2LA(M) peak normalized to A 1g peak strongly correlates to the degree of functionalization. Our results provide a spectroscopic indicator to monitor and quantify the defect engineering process. This method of MoS 2 defect functionalization in solution also benefits the further exploration of defect-free MoS 2 for a wide range of applications. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with untreated cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is poor. Whether removal of all leads by a successful transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedure changes the prognosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of mortality in patients with CIED infection despite successful TLE. METHODS Retrospective single-center analysis of prospectively collected database from consecutive patients undergoing TLE at our center.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine.html  Predictors for mortality were identified and a score predicting high mortality rate was calculated. RESULTS A total of 371 consecutive patients underwent TLE, of whom 337 (90.8%) had complete hardware removal. Most were extracted due to infectious causes (81.3%). Approximately one-third (35%) died during a mean follow-up of 1056 ± 868 days. There was significantly higher mortality observed in the infectious group. Multivariate logistic regression models for infectious group only identified creatinine and albumin measurements as risk markers for 30 days mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.38; P = .003 and OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97; P = .039, respectively). A risk score was created based on cutoff values of creatinine ≥2md/dL (1 point) and albumin ≤3.5 g/dL (1 point). A value of 2 points predicted a 50% chance of 30-day mortality and a 75% chance of 1-year mortality (P  less then  .0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Creatinine and albumin can be used as a combined risk score to successfully identify patients at risk of death despite undergoing a successful TLE procedure for infectious reasons. This score could help decision making when contemplating on conservative antibiotic treatment vs TLE. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The photophysical properties of a series of conjugated push-pull (iso)quinolines have been studied. The compounds were synthesized by well-established and straightforward methodologies. The materials exhibited not only emission solvatochromism in a variety of non-polar solvents, but also tunable halochromism. Some of the compounds remained moderately luminescent after protonation and these had a red emissive form, which was used to obtain white light emission, both in solution and in thin film, by the controlled protonation of the initially blue-green emitting materials. This methodology has potential applications in white OLED fabrication with two forms of a single emitter in equilibrium. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We present a rare case of blistering over the abdomen caused by lipodermatosclerosis, a chronic fibrosing panniculitis secondary to venous hypertension (1). It is commonly seen on the lower legs in older patients. Lipodermatosclerosis is characterised by erythema and pain in the acute phase, often mimicking cellulitis. This progresses to 'woody' indurated plaques and pigmentation in the chronic phase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.