https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html 51 kWh (g TOC)-1. On the contrary, the maximum TOC removal efficiency for Ti/RuO2-IrO2 was 63.1% at 40 mA cm-2 in NaCl electrolyte while the average MCE was 1.6% and the average ECTOC was 1.95 kWh (g TOC)-1. The presence of Fe2+ in Na2SO4 electrolyte would decrease the TOC removal efficiency except at low current density (20 mA cm-2) for Ti/RuO2-SnO2. These results indicated that Ti/RuO2-SnO2 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode were suitable in Na2SO4 and NaCl electrolyte, respectively, while the presence of Fe2+ would inhibit aniline degradation.A newly emerged alum sludge-based hybrid constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs), i.e. vertical upflow CW coupled MFC as 1st stage and horizontal subsurface flow CW coupled MFC as 2nd stage (VFCW-MFC + HSSFCW-MFC), was firstly developed for swine wastewater treatment and electricity generation. Swine wastewater and multi-set air-cathodes were applied to investigate the pollutants removal behavior and the power production. Six-month trial suggested that the overall removal efficiency of SS, COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, TN, TP and PO43--P was 76 ± 12.4, 72 ± 7.4, 59 ± 28.3, 69 ± 25.6, 47 ± 19.7, 85 ± 9.5 and 88 ± 8.7%, respectively. The two stages hybrid system (VFCW-MFC + HSSFCW-MFC) continuously generated electrical power with average voltages of 0.44 ± 0.09 and 0.34 ± 0.09 V, and power densities of 33.3 ± 13.81 and 9.0 ± 2.5 mW/m³ in 1st and 2nd stage, respectively. The average net energy recovery (NER) of 1st stage and 2nd stage is in turn 0.91 ± 0.16 and 2.76 ± 0.70 Wh/kg·COD. It indicates that the hybrid CW-MFCs has higher removal efficiency than single stage CW-MFC, while 1st stage plays the major role both in pollutants removal and power generation.It is well known that one of the most outstanding adverse effects related to lead (Pb) exposure is oxidative stress; moreover, recent findings suggest that disturbances of the redox status of cells are associated with e