https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1210477.html 0% to levofloxacin, 92.0% to meropenem, and 74.0% to tazobactam/piperacillin. ESBL was produced by 68.0% of these strains. Mechanistic studies found no strains with carbapenemase genes but 6.0% of strains had the fosA3 gene. Seventy-two % of the strains had mutations in the gyrA gene and 74.0% in the parC gene. Most E. coli strains (87.5%) had Ser-83 → Leu and Asp-87 → Asn in gyrA and 93.8% of E. coli had Ser-80 → Ile in parC. There were significant correlations among mutations in gyrA and parC, and fosA3 gene detection (P  less then  0.05), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first mechanistic study of antibiotic-cross-resistant UTI-causative bacteria in Indonesia. Further studies with a longer period of observation are necessary, especially for changes in carbapenem resistance without carbapenemase-related genes.The present research was conducted to study the potential of cotton for the remediation of soils contaminated with Cd, to understand the biochemical basis of its tolerance to, and to investigate the plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere for enhancement of phytoextraction of Cd. Cotton (Bt RCH-2) was exposed to four Cd levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg soil) in a completely randomised design and found that the plant could tolerate up to 200 mg/kg soil. Cd stress increased the total phenol, proline, and free amino acid contents in the plant leaf tissue compared with control but inhibited basal soil respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, and activities of several enzymes viz. dehydrogenase, phosphatases, and β-glucosidase in the soil over control. The concentration of Cd in the shoot was less than the critical concentration of 100 µg/g dry weight, and bioconcentration and translocation factors were  100 µg g -1dw beyond 600 mg Cd/kg soil, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were  less then 1. The study on plant-microbe (Aspergillus awamori) interaction revealed that the fung