Two of these genes, SCN10A and KIR2DL4, are of interest because variants in these genes also showed association with AMD in case-control cohorts, albeit not at the level of genome-wide significance. Our study presents the first large-scale, exome-wide analysis of rare variants in AMD. Further independent replications and molecular investigation of candidate target genes, reported here, would assist in gaining novel insights into mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenesis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine sleep disorder symptom reports at baseline and post-treatment in a sample of active duty U.S. Army Soldiers receiving treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Explore sleep-related predictors of outcomes. METHODS Sleep was evaluated in 128 participants in a parent randomized clinical trial comparing Spaced formats of Prolonged Exposure (PE) or Present Centered Therapy and a Massed format of PE. In the current study, Spaced formats were combined and evaluated separately from Massed. RESULTS At baseline, the average sleep duration was 38%) posttreatment. Excessive daytime sleepiness significantly improved only in the Massed group, but 40% continued to report clinically significant levels at posttreatment. Short sleep (Spaced only), clinically significant insomnia and nightmares, excessive daytime sleepiness and probable sleep apnea (Massed only) at baseline predicted higher PTSD symptoms across treatment course. Short weekends/off days sleep predicted lower PTSD symptom improvement in the Spaced treatments. CONCLUSIONS Various sleep disorder symptoms were high at baseline, were largely unchanged with PTSD treatment, and were related to worse PTSD treatment outcomes. Studies are needed with objective sleep assessments and targeted sleep disorders treatments in PTSD patients. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVE Spousal death is a common late-life event with health-related sequelae. Evidence linking poor mental health to disease suggests the hypothesis that poor mental health following death of a spouse could be a harbinger of physical health decline. Thus, identification of bereavement-related mental health symptoms could provide an opportunity for prevention. METHODS We analyzed data from N=39,162 individuals followed from 1994-2016 in the US Health and Retirement Study; N=5,061 were widowed during follow-up. We tested change in mental and physical health from pre-bereavement through the 5-years following spousal death. RESULTS Bereaved spouses experienced an increase in depressive symptoms following their spouses' deaths but the depressive shock attenuated within one year. Bereaved spouses experienced increases in disability, chronic-disease morbidity, and hospitalization, which grew in magnitude over time, especially among older respondents. Bereaved spouses were at increased risk of death compared to non-bereaved respondents. The magnitude of depressive symptoms in the immediate aftermath of spousal death predicted physical-health decline and mortality risk over 5 years of follow-up. DISCUSSION Bereavement-related depressive symptoms indicate a risk for physical health decline and death in older adults. Screening for depressive symptoms in bereaved older adults may represent an opportunity for intervention to preserve healthy lifespan. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND The influence of the Internet and social media (SoMe) in the decision-making of patients is recognized. Plastic surgeons are aware of this trend but are entangled between ethics, professionalism, and business acumen. OBJECTIVE In this study, we present the evolution of perspectives of patients and surgeons recruited through a private clinic over five years. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to patients consulting for primary breast augmentation in 2014, 2017, and 2019. Plastic surgeons who worked at or visited the Akademikliniken in 2014, 2017, and 2019 completed a separate questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 1,646 patient responses was collected. An increase from 68.0% to 72.9% of patients started their information gathering with the Internet. 94.1% of patients looked for information about aesthetic surgery on the Internet before their consultation. A 29.1% increase in patients read about aesthetic surgery on SoMe. Out of 462 surgeons recruited, 62% opined that the majority of patients had gathered information online before consultation. Fewer surgeons in 2019 thought that the Internet and SoMe led to better information (down from 61.7% to 35.2%). An increase from 38.3% to 65.3% of surgeons attributed it to unrealistic expectations. However, only 9.7% of surgeons would support removal of plastic surgery material from SoMe as compared to 21.9% in 2014.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apcin.html  CONCLUSION The increase in use and influence of the Internet and SoMe on patients and surgeons is rapid. Aesthetic plastic surgeons must equip themselves to cope with the risks and capitalize on the opportunity for patient engagement and public education. © 2020 The Aesthetic Society. Reprints and permission journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) and growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA) are major subtypes of pituitary adenomas (PAs). The primary treatment is surgical resection. However, radical excision remains challenging, and few effective medical therapies are available. It is urgent to find novel targets for the treatment. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an epigenetic regulator that leads to aberrant transcriptional activation of oncogenes. Herein, we investigated the pathological role of BRD4 and evaluated the effectiveness of BRD4 inhibitors in the treatment of NFPA and GHPA. METHODS The expression of BRD4 was detected in NFPA, GHPA and normal pituitary tissues. The efficacies of BRD4 inhibitors were evaluated in GH3 and MMQ cell lines, patient-derived tumor cells and in vivo mouse xenograft models of PA. Standard western blots, real-time PCR and flow cytometry experiments were performed to investigate the effect of BRD4is on cell cycle progression, apoptosis and the expression patterns of downstream genes.