Folic acid-doxorubicin-double-functionalized-lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC-CS- -Zn -DOX-FA) were prepared, characterized, and evaluated in vitro against ovarian and bladder cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3 and T24). LNC-CS- -Zn -DOX-FA was prepared by self-assembly and interfacial reactions, and characterized using liquid chromatography, particle sizing, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Cell viability and cellular uptake were studied using MTT assay and confocal microscopy. The presence of lecithin allows the formation of nanocapsules with a lower tendency of agglomeration, narrower size distributions, and smaller diameters due to an increase in hydrogen bonds at the surface. LNC- -CS-Zn -DOX-FA, containing 98.00 ± 2.34μgmL of DOX and 105.00 ± 2.05μgmL of FA, had a mean diameter of 123 ± 4nm and zeta potential of +12.0 ± 1.3mV. After treatment with LNC- -CS-Zn -DOX-FA (15μmolL of DOX), T24 cells had inhibition rates above 80% (24h) and 90% (48h), whereas OVCAR-3 cells showed inhibition rates of 68% (24h) and 93% (48h), showing higher cytotoxicity than DOX.HCl. The fluorescent-labeled formulation showed a higher capacity of internalization in OVCAR-3 compared to T24 cancer cells. Lecithin favored the increase of hydrogen bonds at the surface, leading to a lower tendency of agglomeration for nanocapsules. LNC-CS- -Zn -DOX-FA is a promising therapeutic agent against tumor-overexpressing folate receptors. Lecithin favored the increase of hydrogen bonds at the surface, leading to a lower tendency of agglomeration for nanocapsules. LNC-CS-L-Zn+2-DOX-FA is a promising therapeutic agent against tumor-overexpressing folate receptors.Waste-dependent fermentative routes for biohydrogen production present a possible scenario to produce hydrogen gas on a large scale in a sustainable way. Cheese whey contains a high portion of organic carbohydrate and other organic acids, which makes it a feasible substrate for biohydrogen production. In the present review, recent research progress related to fermentative technologies, which explore the potentiality of cheese whey for biohydrogen production as an effective tool on a large scale, has been analyzed systematically. In addition, application of multiple response surface methodology tools such as full factorial design, Box-Behnken model, and central composite design during fermentative biohydrogen production to study the interactive effects of different bioprocess variables for higher biohydrogen yield in batch, fed-batch, and continuous mode is also discussed. The current paper also emphasizes computational fluid dynamics-based simulation designs, by which the substrate conversion efficiency of the cheese whey-based bioprocess and temperature distribution toward the turbulent flow of reaction liquid can be enhanced. The possible future developments toward higher process efficiency are outlined.Trichoderma orientalis (T. orientalis) EU7-22 has a complete cellulase system and shows a remarkable enzyme activity with high potential in the industry. Ace2 is an important transcriptional factor for cellulase and hemicellulase expression in Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei). However, the ace2 gene cannot be found in the genome of T. orientalis. Researches show that the mechanism of cellulase transcriptional regulation in T. orientalis keeps high similarity with T. reesei up till now. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bms-927711.html So, in this study, the ace2 of Trichoderma reesei QM9414 was heterologous expressed in T. orientalis EU7-22. As a result, xylanase activity and β-glucosidase activity of ace2 heterogeneous expression strains are improved and total cellulase activity is decreased. The result of qPCR is in accordance with enzyme activities. This study provides a reference for an in-depth study on transcriptional regulation mechanisms of T. orientalis. Τhis study aimed to optimize the Zr-radiolabelling of bintrafusp alfa investigational drug product and controls, and perform the in vitro and in vivo characterization of Zr-Df-bintrafusp alfa and Zr-Df-control radioconjugates. Bintrafusp alfa (anti-PD-L1 human IgG1 antibody fused to TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII), avelumab (anti-PD-L1 human IgG1 control antibody), isotype control (mutated inactive anti-PD-L1 IgG1 control antibody), and trap control (mutated inactive anti-PD-L1 human IgG1 fused to active TGF-βRII) were chelated with p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine (Df). After radiolabelling with zirconium-89 ( Zr), radioconjugates were assessed for radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity, antigen binding affinity, and serum stability in vitro. In vivo biodistribution and imaging studies were performed with PET/CT to identify and quantitate Zr-Df-bintrafusp alfa tumour uptake in a PD-L1/TGF-β-positive murine breast cancer model (EMT-6). Specificity of Zr-Df-bintrafusp alfa was assessed via a itation of tumour uptake of 89Zr-Df-bintrafusp alfa, suitable for use in bioimaging clinical trials in cancer patients.5-HT containing enteroendocrine cells (EEC), the most abundant type of EEC in the gut, regulate many functions including motility, secretion and inflammatory responses. We examined the morphologies of 5-HT cells from stomach to rectum, patterns of hormone co-expression in the stomach and colon, and the relationship of 5-HT cells with nerve fibres. We also reviewed some of the relevant literature. The morphologies of 5-HT cells were distinct, depending on their location in the gut. A noticeable feature of some 5-HT cells in the antrum and colon was their long basal processes, which resembled processes of neurons, whereas 5-HT cells in the small intestinal mucosa lacked basal processes. In the stomach, numerous 5-HT cells, including cells with basal processes, were identified as enterochromaffin-like cells by their expression of histidine decarboxylase. In the colon, we observed a small number of 5-HT cells that were in close contact with, but distinct from, oxyntomodulin (OXM) and PYY immunoreactive EEC. We did not find specific relationships between nerve fibres and the processes of colonic 5-HT cells. We conclude that five major features, i.e., gut region, morphology, hormone content, receptor repertoire and cell lineage, can be used to define 5-HT cells.