https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to cause gastric mucosal damage, in which gastric hypermotility has been reported to play a primary role. The antipyretic analgesic drug ethenzamide (ETZ) is widely used in combination with other NSAIDs and, in a recent study, was found to possess 5-hydroxytriptamine (5HT)2B receptor antagonistic activity. Therefore, the inhibition of gastric contraction via 5HT2B receptor blockade by ETZ might contribute to ETZ's protective effect against NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal damage. In the present study, we examined the effects of ETZ on gastric contraction and ibuprofen (IBP)-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. We found that ETZ suppressed both 5HT- and α-methyl-5HT (5HT2 receptor agonist)-induced contractions of rat-isolated gastric fundus in a concentration-dependent manner. This suppressive effect of ETZ was not seen for either high-KCl- or acetylcholine-induced contractions. Furthermore, ETZ was confirmed to decrease ibuprofen-induced gastric mucosal damage in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Similarly, clonidine is known to reduce gastric motility, and methysergide (a 5HT2 receptor antagonist) is known to inhibit 5HT-induced contractions of the gastric fundus, which also decreases IBP-induced gastric mucosal damage, respectively. Although further research on other possible sites or mechanisms of action would be needed, these results suggest that ETZ exerts a protective effect against IBP-induced gastric mucosal damage and that suppressing the gastric contraction may play an important role in the gastroprotective effect of ETZ.Objectives　Cognitive function is an important component of health and quality of life in older adults. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is associated with cognitive decline, but this has not been sufficiently shown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between LS and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older