https://www.selleckchem.com/products/molidustat-(bay85-3934).html Mobile apps for problematic substance use have the potential to bypass common barriers to treatment seeking. Ten years following the release of the first app targeting problematic tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use, their effectiveness, use, and acceptability remains unclear. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review of trials evaluating mobile app interventions for problematic tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. The review was conducted according to recommended guidelines. Relevant databases were searched, and articles were included if the mobile app study was a controlled intervention trial and reported alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug consumption as outcomes. A total of 20 studies met eligibility criteria across a range of substances alcohol (n=11), tobacco (n=6), alcohol and tobacco (n=1), illicit drugs (n=1), and illicit drugs and alcohol (n=1). Samples included the general community, university students, and clinical patients. The analyzed intervention sample sizes range trial designs across studies limit the ability to compare efficacy between apps. We discuss potential approaches that can help ascertain whether the promise of mobile app interventions for problematic substance use can be fulfilled. Inclusion criteria for observational studies frequently contain temporal entities and relations. The use of digital phenotypes to create cohorts in electronic health record-based observational studies requires rich functionality to capture these temporal entities and relations. However, such functionality is not usually available or requires complex database queries and specialized expertise to build them. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess observational studies reported in critical care literature to capture design requirements and functionalities for a graphical temporal abstraction-based digital phenotyping tool. We iteratively extracted attributes descr