Consistent with clinical data, YAP and ANKRD1 are significantly upregulated in RRV-induced BA mouse model. Conclusions YAP expression is closely correlated with the bile duct hyperplasia and liver fibrosis, and may serve as an indicator for liver fibrosis and BA progression. This study indicates an involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in the development of BA, and the YAP induced ANKRD1 expression may also be related to bile duct hyperplasia in BA. This provides a new direction for more in-depth exploration of the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary atresia.The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid global spread with far-reaching impacts on health-care systems. Whilst pediatric data consistently shown a milder disease course, chronic lung disease has been identified as a risk factor for hospitalization and severe disease. In Africa, comprised predominantly of low middle-income countries (LMIC), the additional burden of HIV, tuberculosis, malnutrition and overcrowding is high and further impacts health risk. This paper reviewed the literature on COVID-19 and chronic lung disease in children and provides our experience from an African pediatric pulmonary center in Cape Town, South Africa. South African epidemiological data confirms a low burden of severe disease with children less then 18 years comprising 8% of all diagnosed cases and 3% of all COVID-19 admissions. A decrease in hospital admission for other viral lower respiratory tract infections was found. While the pulmonology service manages children with a wide range of chronic respiratory conditions including bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, interstitial lung disease and children with tracheostomies, no significant increase in COVID-19 admissions were noted and in those who developed COVID-19, the disease course was not severe. Current evidence suggests that pre-existing respiratory disease in children does not appear to be a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19. Longitudinal data are still needed to assess risk in children with immunosuppression and interstitial lung diseases. The indirect impacts of the pandemic response on child respiratory health are notable and still likely to be fully realized and quantified. Ensuring children have access to full preventive and care services during this time is priority.Background A meta-analysis published in 2015 showed a significant association between low platelet counts in the first day(s) of life and risk of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The meta-analysis pooled data from 11 studies cohorts (3,479 preterm infants).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/inf195.html  Objective To update the meta-analysis by adding new studies on the topic and including other platelet parameters different from platelet counts. Methods PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were searched. Random-effects risk ratios (RR) and differences in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results We included 31 studies (7,638 infants). Meta-analysis showed that the risk of developing any PDA was significantly associated with platelet counts less then 150 × 109/L (11 studies, RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.95), and less then 100 x 109/L (7 studies, RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.28), but not less then 50 x 109/L (4 studies, RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.32). Risk of developing hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) was significantly associatestability of preterm infants rather than a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of PDA.Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a common cause of acute flaccid paralysis, is characterized by a rapidly progressive, usually symmetric weakness of the extremities. Headache and intracranial hypertension (ICHT) are very rare complications of GBS. Herein we report our current case of an obese girl with typical signs of GBS associated with autonomic dysfunction, cranial nerve deficits and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). We also perform a systematic study presenting and discussing previous case reports of GBS associated with ICHT, papilledema or hydrocephalus, highlighting the differences of the current case compared to previous studies. Although intracranial hypertension is a rare complication of pediatric GBS, clinicians should promptly detect it. Obesity may be a predisposing factor, given the strong association between idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and weight gain. Neurological evaluation, fundus examination and low threshold for intracranial imaging should be an integral part of medical practice in case of obesity, headache or visual changes in GBS patients.Objective To explore preliminary effectiveness of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach in improving outcomes in childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMDs) including dyskinetic cerebral palsy following deep brain stimulation (DBS) across UK clinical occupational therapists. Methods Randomized, multiple-baseline, Single Case Experimental Design N-of-1 trial with replications across participants. Five self-selected goals were identified three goals were worked on during CO-OP and two goals were left untreated and used to assess skills transfer. Participants were between 6 and 21 years and had received DBS surgery with baseline Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I-IV. Participants were randomized to typical or extended baseline (2 vs. 6 weeks), followed by 10 weekly individual CO-OP sessions. The primary outcome was functional performance measured by the Performance Quality Rating Scale-Individualized (PQRS-I), assessed before, during, and following treatment. Outcome assessors were blinded to baseline allocation, session number, and assessment time. A non-overlapping index, Tau-U, was used to measure effect size. Results Of the 12 participants recruited, 10 commenced and completed treatment. In total, 63% of trained goals improved with effect sizes 0.66-1.00 ("moderate" to "large" effect), seen for all children in at least one goal. Skills transfer was found in 37% of the untrained goals in six participants. Conclusions Cognitive strategy use improved participant-selected functional goals in childhood-onset HMD, more than just practice during baseline. Preliminary effectiveness is shown when the intervention is delivered in clinical practice by different therapists in routine clinical settings.