We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) between direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and other antithrombotic drugs in detail across all diseases.
 
  PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Heterogeneity was examined using the I
  statistic. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis.
 
  Fifty-five RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), dabigatran reduced the risk of ICH by 60% (RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.28-0.57), apixaban by 57% (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.31-0.58), edoxaban by 56% (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.29-0.67) and rivaroxaban by 41% (RR 0.59; 95%CI 0.44-0.80). Compared with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), apixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban had a similar risk of ICH. Compared with aspirin, dabigatran and apixaban had a similar risk of ICH, while rivaroxaban posed an increased rn were as safe as aspirin, but rivaroxaban was not. For secondary prevention stroke, the risk of ICH with DOACs was overall lower than warfarin and similar to aspirin, but it should be noted that compared with aspirin, rivaroxaban may increase the risk of ICH. This is the first pair-wise meta-analysis that compares the risk of ICH between DOACs and other antithrombotic drugs in detail across all diseases, which may have certain significance for patients with high risk of ICH to choose antithrombotic drugs in clinical practice.
  Patients with intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) may have a higher risk of early recurrent embolism (ERE) because of delayed initiation of anticoagulants. We assessed the rate of ischemic events in the early period after MT and the association with post-MT ICH.
 
  Patients who underwent MT in our institute were retrospectively reviewed. ERE was defined as recurrent ischemic stroke and systemic embolism within 14days after MT. The association between ERE and parenchymal hematoma (PH) was assessed. Multivariable regression analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without PH.
 
  A total of 307 patients (median age, 78years; female, 47%; median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 19) were included. ERE was observed in 12 of 307 patients (8 strokes, 4 systemic embolisms; 3.9%). Median time from MT to ERE was 6.5days (IQR, 3-8days). PH occurred in 21 patients (6.8%). Median time from MT to initiating oral anticoagulants was longer in patients with PH (8days) than in those without (3days) (p < 0.01).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/liraglutide.html  In both unweighted and weighted multivariable analysis, PH was significantly associated with an increased risk of ERE (unweighted odds ratio, 10.60; 95% CI, 2.66-42.23; weighted odds ratio, 12.34; 95% CI, 2.49-61.07).
 
  ERE occurred in about 4% of patients after MT. PH after MT was associated with delayed initiation of oral anticoagulants and an increased risk of recurrent ischemic events.
 
  URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier NCT02251665.
 URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier NCT02251665.The cells of Chlorella vulgaris exhibited NaCl (0-400 mM) induced decrease in the growth, protein, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and total organic carbon, whereas total lipid and proline content increased with rising level of NaCl. Addition of NaHCO3 (20 mM) exhibited antagonistic effect against the adverse effect of salinity on the growth, level of macromolecules except proline. The SEM-EDS analysis of NaCl treated cells exhibited morphological variations as well as reduced accumulation of Na and Cl due to the presence of NaHCO3. The results on chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics revealed NaCl induced decline in the photosynthetic performance and quantum yield, while non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll was enhanced, particularly at lower concentrations of NaCl. Addition of NaHCO3 to NaCl treated cells exhibited further increase in the non-photochemical quenching values. Thus, these results demonstrated that adverse impact of NaCl on the C. vulgaris cells was significantly mitigated in the presence of bicarbonate.
  Intensive public sector breeding efforts and public-private partnerships have led to the increase in genetic gains, and deployment of elite climate-resilient maize cultivars for the stress-prone environments in the tropics. Maize (Zea mays L.) plays a critical role in ensuring food and nutritional security, and livelihoods of millions of resource-constrained smallholders. However, maize yields in the tropical rainfed environments are now increasingly vulnerable to various climate-induced stresses, especially drought, heat, waterlogging, salinity, cold, diseases, and insect pests, which often come in combinations to severely impact maize crops. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), in partnership with several public and private sector institutions, has been intensively engaged over the last four decades in breeding elite tropical maize germplasm with tolerance to key abiotic and biotic stresses, using an extensive managed stress screening network and on-farm testing system. This has g data management, and more effective decision support tools. Multi-institutional efforts, especially public-private alliances, are key to ensure that the improved maize varieties effectively reach the climate-vulnerable farming communities in the tropics, including accelerated replacement of old/obsolete varieties.A head-to-head comparison of outcomes of unrelated donor allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for AML between reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens using thymoglobulin for GVHD prophylaxis is limited. We evaluated outcomes of 122 AML patients who received either busulfan (Bu)/fludarabine (Flu)/low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) as RIC (n = 64, 52%) or Bu/Flu as MAC (n = 58, 48%), and thymoglobulin 4.5 mg/kg total dose between day - 3 to - 1 for GVHD prophylaxis. Grades III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) was lower with Bu/Flu/TBI compared with Bu/Flu (6.2% vs 26.1%, p = 0.009). At 1 year, Bu/Flu/TBI was associated with similar chronic GVHD (41.2% vs 44.8%, p = 0.75), OS (61.9% vs 56.9%, p = 0.69), relapse rate (29.9% vs 20.7%, p = 0.24), relapse-free survival (52.8% vs 50%, p = 0.80), non-relapse mortality (17.4% vs 29.3%, p = 0.41), and GVHD-free relapse-free survival (24.2% vs 27.5%, p = 0.80) compared with Bu/Flu. Multivariable analysis did not reveal any difference in outcomes between both regimens.