Direct costs were compared statistically between MD and PELD groups.
 
  The sum of total costs was $1,249.50 in the PELD-Local group, $1,741.50 in the PELD-General group, $2,015.60 in the MD-Spinal group, and $2,348.70 in the MD-General group. The sum of total costs was higher in the MD-Spinal and MD-General groups than in the PELD-Local and PELD-General groups. The costs of surgical operation, surgical equipment, anesthesia (anesthetist's costs), hospital stay, anesthetic drugs and materials, laboratory wor-kup, nur-sing care, and two main groups (PELD-MD) me-dication diffe-red significantly among the two main groups (PELD-MD) (p<0.01).
 
  This study demonstrated that PELD is less costly than MD.
 This study demonstrated that PELD is less costly than MD.
  Fibrocartilaginous embolism is a rare cause of ischemic myelopathy. Authors report a case of a 39-year-old woman with progressive tetraparesis and severe autonomic dysfunction. Despite of the detailed examinations, the definite diagnosis was verified by autopsy.
 
  The patient was admitted because of progressive pain and numbness of the upper extremities and tetraparesis. Hypotonic muscles of the lower extremities with mild tetraparesis were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intramedullary lesion at the level of the cervical V-VII vertebral. Patient's tetraparesis worsened gradually to plegia with urinary retention. Expansive, rapidly progressing multiple decubiti developed, which were resistant to therapy. In spite of the complex therapy, the patient died.
 
  No internal disease was found to explain the death by autopsy. Multiple subacute infarctions of the cervical myelon (involving the lateral columns as well) in the territory of the anterior spinal artery were verified by neuropathological examination. The occluded vessels were filled by a material containing cartilaginous cells, while signs of atherosclerosis or thrombosis were not present.
 
  Cartilaginous embolism of spinal arteries was diagnosed.
 Cartilaginous embolism of spinal arteries was diagnosed.A case of a 61-year-old male patient suffered chronic renal failure and dialysed for 23 years with destructive cervical spondylarthropathy is presented. The patient presented with sudden onset of cervical pain radiating into his shoulders without neurological deficits. CT and MRI of the cervical and thoracic spine revealed severe destructive changes and compressive fractures of C6 and C7 vertebrae which caused the narrowing of the nerve root canals at these levels. A 360-degree fixation was performed to treat the unstable fracture and the patient's pain (C6 and C7 corpectomy, autolog bone graft replacement of the two vertebral bodies, anterior plate fixation and posterior instrumentation with screws and rods). Postoperatively the patient had no significant pain, no neurological deficit and he was able to manage independent life himself. During the immediate follow-up CT of the neck showed the satisfactory position of the bone graft and the metal implantations.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/amg510.html  The 6 months follow-up CT revealed the anterior migration of the two screws from the Th1 vertebral body and 2 mm ventral elevation of the caudal end of the plate from the anterior surface of the Th1 vertebral body. The 1-year follow-up could not be performed because the patient died due to cardio-pulmonary insufficiency. This is the second Hungarian report of a chronic dialysis related severe spondylarthropathy which may cause pathologic fractures of the vertebral bodies. The typical radiological and histological findings are discussed. This disease affect patients' quality of life and the conservative treatment alone seems to be ineffective in most cases. Based on the literature and personal experiences, the authors suggest 360-degree fixation of the spine to provide sufficient stability for the vertebrae of "bad bone quality", and early mobilisation of the patient can be achieved.Following the retirement of the referring physician of an institution for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (DID), the residents found themselves without a general internist. A joint reflection then took place between four actors concerned by the subject the management of the institution, the health department, Valais hospital and the family and child physician canton branch. At the end of the project, the primary care physician is found to be central to caseload management. Four areas of work have been defined computerization of the patient files, the consolidation of an interdisciplinary care network, the adaptation of hospital procedures to patients' disabilities and the implementation of continuing education.Very few studies deal with the ENT and phoniatric problems of Covid-19. This article presents the post Covid-19 consequences on larynx and voice. It appears that since the beginning of the pandemic, many patients who have contracted the disease or who have experienced various lockdowns have been consulting for voice disorders, breathing difficulties and swallowing problems. Post Covid-19 laryngeal pathologies differ from conventionally encountered pathologies and the distribution of disorders varies from normal. Since August 2020, the number of patients has increased exponentially.Alerting emergency medical services, rapidly initiating chest compressions at the correct depth and frequency and delivering an electric shock as quickly as possible remain the key points of the updated guidelines for adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Following their five-year systematic review, both the American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) are reinforcing their messages in favour of simple and early actions, while adding nuances regarding drugs, and suggesting that the chain of survival should continue beyond the acute hospital phase. Here is an overview of the reminders and novelties of the AHA and ERC 2020 guidelines.In 2018, France granted an approval to baclofen for the treatment of alcohol-dependency. It is the culmination of a long saga that began in 2005 with the publication of the personal case of Dr Ameisen, followed in 2008 by a public book which achieved great success and an important echo in the French population and in the media. The weakness of scientific data contradicting peremptory positions on its effectiveness has generated strong tensions between supporters of scientific medicine and activists supporting baclofen. Indeed, the data from published clinical trials do not confirm a high level of efficacy. Nevertheless, baclofen has allowed new patients to consult in the hope of an improvement. This long story confirms the need to evaluate therapeutics according to scientifically validated experimental protocols in order to avoid the risks of deviance.